組織理論硏究에 있어서 contingency approach에 關한 一考 = (A) Study of the contingency approach to organization theory

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this article provides an example of the approach needed to develop a comprehensive conceptual model of contingency views for organization theory,and examines the major tendency of organization theory in order to suggest a future direction of the contingency approach.Therfore,in the chapter two classical,neoclassical,modern organgation theory will be reviewed.
The common characteristics of classical organization theory are the following:
1. emphasize the importance of formal structure and procedure
2. consider organization as a closed system
3. search for formal scientific research
4. efficiency as the only criteria of value
5. study in terms of view of economic man
The characteristics of neoclassical organization theory which is appeared to repulse to classical theory are as follows;
1. emphasize the importance of informal factors
2. consider organization as open system which has interaction of organization and environment
3. empiricism
4. the value standard of social efficiency
5. study in terms of social man
Classical and neoclassical theory have an importance of their own,but both have a tendency to enforce "the one best way"
In the middle of 1950,modern organization theory has an remarkable trend to integrate classical with neoclassical thinking. The characteristics are:
1. differentiation and coordination
2. pluralization of the standard of value
3. interdisciplinary
4. enforcement of behavioralism
The move toward an open syatems approach to thinking about organizations is producing a swing toward contingency or situational designs in the 1970s.
In the chapter 3,I review the systems approach to Organization theory: the meaning of system,properties of the organization as an open system, the major subsystems of the organization, the forces shaping organizational systerms and subsystems, interaction between subsystems, etc.
Systems concepts have contributed significantly to the evolution of organization theory and the field has moved away from closed-system, simplistic views toward recognition of the rich complexities of modern organization-systems of interdependent psychological, sociolgical, technical, and economic variables. General systems theory provides the overall model for the study of social organizations, but it involves a relatively high level of abstraction. Contingency views are based on systems concepts but tend to be more concrete and to emphasize more specific characteristics of social organizations as well as patterns of relationships among the subsystems.
The Provided figure a combination of the systems framework plus polar descriptions of organization systems or types; closed/stable/mechanistic and open/adaptive/organic.
This model can be applied to the study of many different types of organizations. However this conceptual skill cannot be panacea for solving problems in organization, but facilitate more thorough understanding of conplex situation and increase the likelihood of appropriate actions.
The contingency view suggests that there are appropriate patterns of relationships for different types of organization and that we can improve our understanding of how these relevant variables interact.
Thus, contingency analysis may lead us to general conclusions about these patterns of relationships ,such as:
The closed/stable/mechanistic organization form is more appropriate when:
1. the environment is relatively stable and certain
2. the goal is well defined and enduring
3. the technology is relatively uniform and stable
4. there are routine activites and productivity is the major objective
5. decision making is programmed and coordination and control processes tend to make a tightly structured,hierarchical system possible
The open/adaptive/organic orgnizational form is more appropriate when:
1. the environment is relatively uncertain and turbulent
2. the goal is diverse and changing
3. the technohegy is complex and dynamic
4, there are many nonrouting activities in which creativity and innovation are important
5. Heuristic decision-making processes are utilized and coordination and control occur thorough reciprocal adjustements, the system is less hierarchical and more flexible.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 第一章 序論 = 3
• 1. 硏究의 目的 = 3
• 2. 硏究의 範圍 = 4
• 第二章 組織理論의 傾向 變遷 = 6
• 1. 古典的 組織理論 = 6
• 2. 新古典的 組織理論 = 9
• 3. 現代的 組織理論 = 12
• 4. 組織理論 統合化의 傾向 = 15
• 第三章 體制的 接近方法(System Approach) = 17
• 1. 體制의 意味 = 17
• 2. 開放體制의 觀点에서 본 組織의 屬性 = 19
• 3. 下位體制의 過程과 構成要素 = 23
• 4. 組織의 下位體制와 下位體制間의 相互作用 = 25
• 第四章 Contigency Approach = 29
• 1. Contigency Approach의 意味 = 29
• 2. 槪念的 模型 = 30
• 3. 「聯關的 模型」과 管理 = 36
• 4. 組織設計에 있어서 「聯關的 模型」 = 37
• 第五章 結論 = 43
• 1. 批判 = 43
• 2. Contigency Approach의 强調点 = 44
• 參考文獻 = 47
• ABSTRACT = 49