삼정문란과 조세저항 = Disorganization of Three Administrations and Tax Resistance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We are still living today in the face of new detergents and cleaning problems that have been seen in past history. That is, basically, we find that there are many cases where we are repeating similar problems, so we can transfer past experiences to our experiences extensively.
Disorganization of land tax collection system of the late Joseon society －what is commonly known as ‘Disorganization of 3 Administrations’ or collection of land tax, levying of military service duty, and the grain loan system－ not only caused the state finance fall into a serious disarray but also drove the peasants’ into virtual famine and starvation, contributing greatly to the organized and concentrated rebellion of the peasants in later periods.
The social structure at the time may well be described as a bifurcation of classes, the upper class mainly engaged in non－productive consumption life and the mass of lower classes who fed the upper class on the one hand and became the target of economic exploitation by the former on the other. These two classes shared very little with each other in terms of social communication, the upper class monopolizing political and economic power whereas the lower class were virtually non－entities other than the target of oppression and exploitation.
As the late Joseon period was transformed into an aristocratic class virtually oppressing the royal power, the significance of land taxation system was no longer focused on the financial demand, becoming instead into a tool for the politically powerful and the government officials to serve their private interests, a political phenomenon epitomized by the ‘Disorganization of 3 Administrations.’ The peasants’ rebellion, which erupted from the spring of 1862 over the three provinces of southern Joseon continued until the next year after a brief period of relative calm.
In the end, the government failed to come up with a fundamental measure to prevent peasants’ rebellion as evidenced by the unprecedented Rebellion of Donghak that erupted in 1894.
Anyway, during the late Joseon Dynasty, there was a problem of imbalance in the tax burden, which was paid less by the landlords and relatively much by the citizens, and this imbalance in the tax burden is a phenomenon that still exists today, and research should continue.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한탁근, "한국통사" 을유무화사 1970

2 진단학회편, "한국사 근세 후기편" 1965

3 김용섭, "철종조 민란발생에 대한 사고" 1 : 1956

4 김진봉, "임술민란의 사회경제적 배경" (19) : 1967

5 사방 박, "이조인구에 관한 신분계급적 관찰" 조선경제연구회 3 : 1938

6 강위, "의삼정 구폐책" 1862

7 "『철종실록』 14권 13년 5월 정말조"

8 "『철종실록』 14권 13년 5월 병오조"

9 "『철종실록』 14권 13년 5월 계묘조"

10 "『일성록』 헌종 정사년 12월 8일 조"

11 "『일성록』 헌종 임인년 8월 26일 성"

12 "『일성록』 헌종 임인년 8월 17일 조"

13 "『일성록』 헌종 갑인년 8월 9일 조"

14 "『일성록』 철종 정사년 11월 18일 조"

15 "『일성록』 철종 임술년 5월 22일 조"

16 "『일성록』 철종 임술년 5월 22, 27일 조"

17 "『일성록』 철종 무오년 2월 3일 조"

18 "『일성록』 철종 갑인년 11월 28일 조"

19 "『일성록』 순조 정묘년 11월 5일 조"

20 "『순조실록』 34권 순조 34년 3월 기해조"

21 "『순조실록』 22권 순조 19년 9월 기사조"

22 "『순조실록』 18권 순조 15년 10월 계해조"

23 "『목민심서』 8권 속리지조"

24 "『목민심서』 8권 병전 제1 첨정조"

25 "『목민심서』 6권 호전 호적조"

26 "『목민심서』 5권 호전 세법하조"

27 "『목민심서』 5권 호전 곡부조"

28 "『목민심서』 4권 호전 세법조"

29 "『목민심서』 4권 리전 속리조"

30 "『목민심서』 1권 제주래지조"

31 "『경국대전』 호전 양전조"