Rasing the upper cutoff voltage of layered cathode materials has been considered an effective method to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Yet, operating under such high-voltage conditions accelerates various degradation proc...
Rasing the upper cutoff voltage of layered cathode materials has been considered an effective method to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Yet, operating under such high-voltage conditions accelerates various degradation processes, including distortion of the bulk lattice, surface reconstruction, oxygen loss and side reactions with the electrolyte. These processes lead to rapid capacity fading. Although considerable progress has been made toward stable cycling of LiCoO2 (LCO) beyond 4.6 V (vs. Li/Li+), the respective impacts of bulk and surface degradation to charge and discharge fading remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we demonstrate that bulk lattice strain is the dominant factor for charge fading, whereas polarization arising from surface degradation accounts for both charge and discharge fading. In-situ X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the H1-3 phase transition emerges in the early cycles at 3.0-4.6 V. This transition is associated with a sudden contraction of the c-axis, which hinders the structural evolution of LCO during charge. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the LiTaO3 coating inhibits surface reconstruction and side reactions with the electrolyte. This suppression leads to decreased polarization and improved stability against both charge and discharge fading. Our findings provide key insights into the design of cathode materials with enhanced stability during high-voltage operation.