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      3세기 읍루사회의 변화와 북옥저 약탈의 배경 = Ŭmnu’s Social Change and Background of Plundering of North Okchŏ in the Third Century AD

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A108578243

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      The main purpose of this paper was to find out the background of Ŭmnu’s pludering of North Okchŏ. For this, it analyzed Ŭmnu people’s ethnicity and bellicosity described in “Biographies of Dongyi (東夷傳)” of Sanguozhi, and compared them with archaeological evidences. According to these records, the plundering could be characterized as periodical and had economic purpose, which indicates a driver within Ŭmnu’s society that turned the people into looters around the third century.
      Furthermore, in regard to this topic, the paper also sought the process that formed the ethnic recognition of Ŭmnu in the Biography. It suggested that the ethnicity in the book was the mixture of the information from Wei's expeditionary force, who contacted its tribes in coastal region of East Sea in the middle of the 3rd century, and the perception of Puyŏ, who had subjugated and governed Ŭmnu for a long time.
      Also, this paper examined the correspondence between the records about Ŭmnu’s plundering and the characteristics of various cultural groups in this area through archaeological data. Accordingly, it can be said that the Poltse culture of Maritime Province was the most correspond to the culture of the looters who plundered North Okchŏ. This periodical pillages from Ŭmnu was strongly related to the widespread social change within the Poltse culture around the third century. During this period, there was armed struggles among the tribes of Ŭmnu, while their traditional trade route via Puyŏ was diminished after they broke away from their neighbor faction’s subjugation. As a result, large-scale polities such as the polity in Fenglin culture emerged. However, on the other hand, while it forced some tribes that lost in the competition to take refuges to the other areas, this armed competition induced the other tribes to plundering the neighbouring cultures.
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      The main purpose of this paper was to find out the background of Ŭmnu’s pludering of North Okchŏ. For this, it analyzed Ŭmnu people’s ethnicity and bellicosity described in “Biographies of Dongyi (東夷傳)” of Sanguozhi, and compared them...

      The main purpose of this paper was to find out the background of Ŭmnu’s pludering of North Okchŏ. For this, it analyzed Ŭmnu people’s ethnicity and bellicosity described in “Biographies of Dongyi (東夷傳)” of Sanguozhi, and compared them with archaeological evidences. According to these records, the plundering could be characterized as periodical and had economic purpose, which indicates a driver within Ŭmnu’s society that turned the people into looters around the third century.
      Furthermore, in regard to this topic, the paper also sought the process that formed the ethnic recognition of Ŭmnu in the Biography. It suggested that the ethnicity in the book was the mixture of the information from Wei's expeditionary force, who contacted its tribes in coastal region of East Sea in the middle of the 3rd century, and the perception of Puyŏ, who had subjugated and governed Ŭmnu for a long time.
      Also, this paper examined the correspondence between the records about Ŭmnu’s plundering and the characteristics of various cultural groups in this area through archaeological data. Accordingly, it can be said that the Poltse culture of Maritime Province was the most correspond to the culture of the looters who plundered North Okchŏ. This periodical pillages from Ŭmnu was strongly related to the widespread social change within the Poltse culture around the third century. During this period, there was armed struggles among the tribes of Ŭmnu, while their traditional trade route via Puyŏ was diminished after they broke away from their neighbor faction’s subjugation. As a result, large-scale polities such as the polity in Fenglin culture emerged. However, on the other hand, while it forced some tribes that lost in the competition to take refuges to the other areas, this armed competition induced the other tribes to plundering the neighbouring cultures.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 林澐, "論團結文化" (創刊) : 1985

      2 오강원, "청동기~철기시대 중국 동북 지역 물질문화의 전개와 상호 작용 및 족속" 고구려발해학회 46 : 9-82, 2013

      3 김재윤, "철기시대 한국과 연해주" 주류성 2009

      4 강인욱, "연해주 초기철기시대 끄로우노프까문화의 확산과 전파, In 국가형성에 대한 고고학적 접근" 2007

      5 국립문화재연구소, "연해주 불로치까 유적. 1 : 제4차 한‧러 공동발굴조사" 국립문화재연구소 2004

      6 이정빈, "양맥・숙신의 난(難), 변경에서 본3세기 후반 동아시아와 고구려" 한국사연구회 (187) : 105-141, 2019

      7 홍형우, "아무르‧연해주의 신비" 국립문화재연구소 2006

      8 심재윤, "스칸디나비아인의 앵글로-색슨 잉글랜드 침입과 정주" 40 : 2004

      9 이종수, "부여의 대외교류와 교통로 연구" 백산학회 (96) : 79-112, 2013

      10 박시형, "발해사" 김일성종합대학출판사 1979

      1 林澐, "論團結文化" (創刊) : 1985

      2 오강원, "청동기~철기시대 중국 동북 지역 물질문화의 전개와 상호 작용 및 족속" 고구려발해학회 46 : 9-82, 2013

      3 김재윤, "철기시대 한국과 연해주" 주류성 2009

      4 강인욱, "연해주 초기철기시대 끄로우노프까문화의 확산과 전파, In 국가형성에 대한 고고학적 접근" 2007

      5 국립문화재연구소, "연해주 불로치까 유적. 1 : 제4차 한‧러 공동발굴조사" 국립문화재연구소 2004

      6 이정빈, "양맥・숙신의 난(難), 변경에서 본3세기 후반 동아시아와 고구려" 한국사연구회 (187) : 105-141, 2019

      7 홍형우, "아무르‧연해주의 신비" 국립문화재연구소 2006

      8 심재윤, "스칸디나비아인의 앵글로-색슨 잉글랜드 침입과 정주" 40 : 2004

      9 이종수, "부여의 대외교류와 교통로 연구" 백산학회 (96) : 79-112, 2013

      10 박시형, "발해사" 김일성종합대학출판사 1979

      11 홍형우, "동북아 청동기시대 문화 연구" 주류성 2004

      12 朴京哲, "고구려의 국가형성 연구" 高麗大學校 大學院 1997

      13 이종록, "고구려 전기 동해안지역 복속과 예족사회 연구" 고려대학교 2022

      14 김현숙, "고구려 영역지배방식 연구" 모시는사람들 2005

      15 유은식, "고고학자료로 본 沃沮와 挹婁" 한국상고사학회 100 (100): 77-108, 2018

      16 김재윤, "고고학으로 본 옥저문화" 동북아역사재단 2008

      17 강인욱, "고고학으로 본 옥저문화" 동북아역사재단 2008

      18 A. L. 수보티나, "고고학으로 본 옥저문화" 동북아역사재단 2008

      19 N. A. 클류예프, "고고학으로 본 옥저 문화" 동북아역사재단 2008

      20 範恩實, "靺鞨興嬗史硏究 -以族群發展, 演化爲中心" 黑龍江敎育出版社 2014

      21 臼杵勳, "鐵器時代の東北アジア" 同成社 2004

      22 한규철, "肅愼‧挹婁硏究" 35 : 1988

      23 林澐, "肅愼, 挹婁和沃沮" (創刊) : 1986

      24 島山喜一, "渤海東京考" 7 : 1938

      25 데.엘.브로댠스끼, "沿海州의 考古學" 학연문화사 1996

      26 張博泉, "東北古代民族‧考古與疆域" 吉林大學出版社 1998

      27 大實靜夫, "挹婁の考古學" 國立歷史民俗博物館 2009

      28 박대재, "古朝鮮의 언어구역과 燕의 동북지역" 한국고대학회 (43) : 5-38, 2015

      29 강인욱, "古朝鮮의 毛皮貿易과 明刀錢" 한국고대사학회 (64) : 243-284, 2011

      30 三上次南, "古代東北アジア史硏究" 吉川弘文館 1966

      31 楊虎, "中國考古學會第一次年會論文集" 文物出版社 1979

      32 이종수, "三江平原地域초기철기문화의 특징과 사용집단 분석- 婁·勿吉과의 관련성을 중심으로 -" 고구려발해학회 41 : 9-36, 2011

      33 臼杵勲, "オリガ文化の問題" 58 : 1995

      34 권순홍, "『肅愼國記』의 成書와 7세기 唐의 肅愼 소환" 한국고대학회 (67) : 127-146, 2021

      35 池內宏, "『滿鮮史硏究』 上世1冊" 吉川弘文館 1951

      36 김현숙, "‘고구려사에서의 말갈’ 연구의 현황과 과제" 동북아역사재단 (61) : 81-131, 2018

      37 НикитинЮ. Г., "Исследованиепамятников кроуновскойкультуры в доине р. Суйфун//Впред.. В прошое. К70-легию Жанны Васильвны Андреевой"

      38 Robert I. Burns, "Piracy as an Islamic-Christian Interface in the Thirteenth Century" 11 : 1980

      39 Kathryn Reyerson, "Identity in the Medieval Mediterranean World of Merchants and Pirates" 20 : 2012

      40 Coupland, S., "From poachers to gamekeepers: Scandinavian warlords and Carolingian kings" 7 (7): 1998

      41 Vostretsov, Yuri E, "Events Preceding Appearing of the Far East of Russia" 1996

      42 이승호, "3세기 挹婁의 이탈과 夫餘의 쇠퇴" 동국역사문화연구소 (64) : 293-332, 2018

      43 이승호, "1~3세기 중국 동북지역 정세 변화와 貂皮 교역" 동국역사문화연구소 (67) : 41-76, 2019

      44 이승호, "1~3세기 挹婁의 考古 문화와 『三國志』 東夷傳의 挹婁" 인문학연구원 (44) : 85-121, 2020

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