인성 발달을 위한 상호작용 기반 인성교육 실천 방안 탐색 = Creating Practical Action Plans for Character Education through Student-Teacher/Student-Student Interactions

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 학교 교실 내 교사와 학생 간, 학생과 학생 간의 상호작용을 통한 인성교육 실천 방안을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 인성 발달과 교육을 둘러싼 쟁점과 접근법에 대한 선행연구 고찰을 통해 인성은 관계의 맥락 속에서 형성되고 촉진되며, 학교에서 교사와 학생 간의 상호작용과 함께 학생과 학생 간의 관계 형성이 인성 형성을 위한 중요한 요인으로 작용하게 됨을 논의한다. 문헌 연구 분석 및 논의 결과를 통해 인성 발달을 촉진하기 위해서는 대화 및 소통 과정에서 학생들이 핵심 가치ㆍ덕목이나 보편적 도덕 원리 등을 자신이 속한 집단에 적용해 봄으로써 비판적인 성찰의 기회를 갖도록 안내할 필요가 있음을 제안한다. 내재적인 동기화에 입각하여 옳은 행동을 하도록 돕는것, 교실에서 갈등 해결 기술을 가르치는 것, 집단 간의 긴장을 감소시키기 위해 또래 집단 매개프로그램을 활용하는 것, 비폭력 교육 프로그램이나 평화로운 갈등 해결 교육과정을 활용하는 것,혹은 그 밖의 다른 방법을 활용하는 것 등은 모두 인성교육 위한 필수 과정임을 논의한다. 학생들이 지적, 도덕적으로 차츰 성장해감에 따라 학교와 교실에서 민주적인 절차에 입각한 규칙 제정 및 준수 방식을 채택하는 것이 인성 발달을 증진시키는 효과적인 방법임을 제안한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study sets its aim to review theoretical perspectives on character education through interaction, and draw implications for effective ways of doing character education through teacher-student and student-student interaction at schools. The analysis of the relevant literature supports that relationship building through teacher-student and student-student interaction in the social context plays an important role in students’ character development. It reveals that interaction conducive to students’ character development can be categorized into social/communication skill, teacher feedback, conflict resolution, and autonomous rule-making and observing. It is necessary for students to have an opportunity to involve in critical reflection by applying values and virtues to school life. Teacher feedback is considered one of the most frequent interaction types conducive to helping students’ character development take place naturally in various classroom situations. It is suggested that intimate and empathic teacher feedback with interest in students is helpful in building trustworthy relationship with teachers, bringing about enhanced motivation and character development. It is revealed that understanding the causes of conflict and seeking for resolutions is helpful in students’ character development by bringing up cooperative attitude and building social relationship. It is also stressed that positive conflict resolution and capacities can be achieved through dialogue, counselling, and peer mediation. Students’ autonomous rule-making and observing are considered to be conducive to students’ character development. It is indicated that democratic school culture and environment is necessary to do character education through student council activities. Some implications are drawn for implementing the proposed pedagogical strategies at schools.

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