한·중 맞장구 표현 대조 연구 = (A) contrastive study on the backchannel expressions in Korean and Chinese

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국문요지

본 연구는 대화에서 청자의 반응행위인 맞장구에 대해 본격적인 이론화를 시도하였다. 이를 토대로 대조분석의 관점에서 맞장구 표현을 논의하였다. 대화는 상호작용을 전제하는 것으로 화자와 청자의 공동 작업이다. 따라서 화자의 언어행위와 청자의 언어행위가 협력적으로 수행되어야 원만하게 이루어질 수 있다. 청자의 언어행위는 응대와 반응이 있는데 맞장구는 반응행위에 해당된다. 대화에서 맞장구의 중요성은 모국어화자 간에 대화뿐만 아니라 외국어 학습, 문화 간 의사소통 등에서도 지대한 역할을 담당한다. 이러한 출발점에서 한국어와 중국어의 맞장구 표현을 대조분석을 통해 공통점과 차이점을 밝히는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다.
Ⅱ장에서 맞장구의 성격을 규정하고 형식과 기능을 유형화하였다. 대화에서 맞장구의 단위를 부여했고 맞장구의 특징을 수행주체, 조건, 태도, 위치에 따라 규정하였다. 맞장구의 형식은 크게 전형적 형식과 상황적 형식으로 범주화하였고, 맞장구의 기능은 교환차원에 한정하여 유형화하였다.
Ⅲ장에서 한국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능에 대해 살펴보았다. 한국어 맞장구의 형식은 전형적 형식에서는 기타 항목 외에는 모든 유형이 나타났다. 상황적 형식에서는 복합형식이 다양한 양상으로 실현되는 것이 특징이다. 한국어 맞장구의 기능은 기본기능, 결합기능, 복합기능 가운데 특히 결합기능과 복합기능이 다양한 양상으로 실현되었다.
Ⅳ장에서 중국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능을 분석하였다. 중국어 맞장구의 형식은 전형적 형식의 하위 유형들과 상황적 형식의 하위 유형들이 모두 나타났다. 그 실현양상은 비교적 단순하였다. 중국어 맞장구의 기능은 기본기능이 잘 쓰이는 반면에 결합기능과 복합기능은 상대적으로 빈약한 것으로 나타났다.
Ⅴ장에서 한국어와 중국어의 맞장구 표현을 대조분석 하였다. 형식에 있어서는 한국어는 전형적 형식을 더 선호하고 중국어는 상황적 형식을 더 선호하였다. 기능에 있어서는 대체로 한국어는 중국어보다 결합기능과 복합기능을 압도적으로 많이 사용하였다. 그리고 한국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능은 비대칭성을 보이는 반면에 중국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능은 어느 정도의 대칭성을 이루었다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• □ 국문요지···································································································ⅳ
• Ⅰ. 서론··········································································································1
• 1.1 연구 목적 및 필요성················································································1
• 1.2 연구 방법 및 대상···················································································3
• 1.3 선행 연구·······························································································7
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경······························································································13
• 2.1 대화의 특성··························································································13
• 2.2 대조분석의 적용····················································································15
• 2.3 맞장구의 성격·형식·기능·········································································16
• 2.3.1 맞장구의 성격 및 정의·····································································16
• 2.3.2 맞장구의 형식 및 유형·····································································24
• 2.3.3 맞장구의 기능 및 유형·····································································30
• Ⅲ. 한국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능·····································································43
• 3.1 한국어 맞장구의 형식············································································43
• 3.1.1 전형적 형식····················································································43
• 3.1.2 상황적 형식····················································································47
• 3.2 한국어 맞장구의 기능············································································50
• 3.2.1 기본기능·························································································51
• 3.2.1.1 청취하기···················································································51
• 3.2.1.2 이해하기···················································································53
• 3.2.1.3 동의하기···················································································55
• 3.2.1.4 강조하기···················································································56
• 3.2.1.5 확인하기···················································································57
• 3.2.1.6 완결하기···················································································58
• 3.2.1.7 정서표출···················································································59
• 3.2.2 결합기능·························································································61
• 3.2.3 복합기능·························································································67
• Ⅳ. 중국어 맞장구의 형식과 기능·····································································71
• 4.1 중국어 맞장구의 형식············································································71
• 4.1.1 전형적 형식····················································································71
• 4.1.2 상황적 형식····················································································75
• 4.2 중국어 맞장구의 기능············································································78
• 4.2.1 기본기능·························································································78
• 4.2.1.1 청취하기···················································································78
• 4.2.1.2 이해하기···················································································79
• 4.2.1.3 동의하기···················································································80
• 4.2.1.4 강조하기···················································································82
• 4.2.1.5 확인하기···················································································83
• 4.2.1.6 완결하기···················································································83
• 4.2.1.7 정서표출···················································································84
• 4.2.2 결합기능·························································································86
• 4.2.3 복합기능·························································································87
• Ⅴ. 한·중 맞장구 표현 대조·············································································88
• 5.1 한·중 맞장구의 형식 대조······································································88
• 5.1.1 전체 형식·······················································································88
• 5.1.2 전형적 형식····················································································91
• 5.1.3 상황적 형식····················································································92
• 5.1.4 요약·······························································································93
• 5.2 한·중 맞장구의 기능 대조·······································································94
• 5.2.1 전체 기능·······················································································94
• 5.2.2 기본기능·························································································97
• 5.2.3 결합기능·······················································································100
• 5.2.4 복합기능·······················································································102
• 5.2.5 요약·····························································································102
• Ⅳ. 결론······································································································106
• □ 참고문헌·································································································109
• □ ABSTRACT····························································································116