The predicament of excessive dust pollution, otherwise referred to as particulate matter (PM), represents a notable concern within the construction industry, imparting significant detriment to both construction workers and nearby residents. To solve t...
The predicament of excessive dust pollution, otherwise referred to as particulate matter (PM), represents a notable concern within the construction industry, imparting significant detriment to both construction workers and nearby residents. To solve the uprising issues, two main methods have been applied at the sites, PM monitoring with sensors and PM reduction planning. However, the current sensor monitoring method is restricted to only monitoring PM concentrations at limited site locations and the PM mitigation strategies typically involve the deployment of substantial volumes of water, which are employed inefficiently to precipitate the particulates. Likewise, many researches were introduced to improvise the current problems of managing construction site PM.
Many researches focused on developing the sensors, reducing the cost and weight for cost-efficiency and easier installment at the sites. Despite the development of sensors, allowing more sensor installment throughout the site at a cheaper cost, many areas still remained unmeasured when utilizing only sensors. Therefore, researchers also focused on estimating PM concentrations at certain areas using spatial interpolation methods, which enabled to estimate PM of desired region with only few sensor measured values. However, though there exists an array of approaches for large-scale PM estimation, such as city or country levels, the inconsistent behaviors of PM movement present considerable challenges in accurate surveillance and management of PM within relatively smaller scales, like construction sites. The complex characteristics of construction work hinder the real-time monitoring of PM and the determination of specific periods of increased PM dispersion, which are essential for timely preventative measures. Given the complexities, the present research seeks to develop a simple spatial interpolation model explicitly engineered for PM in construction sites. This model merges an innovative weighting system, which takes into consideration both the wind, the main meteorological factor affecting PM, and the proximity to sensors.
To maximize the usability and economic costs, a sensing module was invented, which includes a sufficient low-cost dust sensor to assist the success of this research. Analyzing the characteristics and distributions of PM, the study employs the PM-fit inverse distance weighting (IDW) method, a variant of the IDW approach that accounts for wind direction and speed, to predict PM levels in regions lacking direct sensor measurement. PM-fit also called wind-applied IDW attributes greater weight to regions closer along the windward path, encountering wind speed for specified values. The estimated PM concentrations across the entire site were subsequently visualized in a three-dimensional map, delineating areas that necessitate PM reduction, thus enabling effective reduction planning and real-time diminishment of workers' PM exposure.
The proposed construction PM estimation models were verified in a controlled experiment site, then validated for real-world applicability in three different fields, including road, bridge, and building construction sites. The estimation method and corresponding visualized dust information three-dimensional map provide an advanced environmental monitoring method, in which dust concentrations are automatically estimated and visualized with the usage of few sensors. The visualized map can enact as a guideline for site managers, empowering them to protect against future health and environmental damages associated with PM inside construction sites.