1 "Washington Bee"
2 Zuberi, Tukufu., "W.E.B. Du Bois’s Sociology: The Philadelphia Negro and Social Science" (595) : 2004
3 Green, Dan S., "W.E.B. Du Bois’ Talented Tenth: A Strategy for Racial Advancement" 46 (46): 1977
4 Lewis, David L., "W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1869-1919" Henry Holt and Company 1993
5 Horne, Gerald, "W.E.B. Du Bois: A Biography" Greenwood Press 2010
6 Hunter, Marcus Anthony, "W.E.B. Du Bois and Black Heterogeneity: How “The Philadelphia Negro” Shaped American Sociology" 46 (46): 2015
7 Reed Jr, Adolph L, "W.E.B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line" Oxford University Press 1999
8 Gaines, Kevin K., "Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century" The University of North Carolina Press 1996
9 Washington, Booker T., "Up from Slavery" 2020
10 Du Bois, W. E. B., "The Souls of Black Folk" Oxford University Press 2007
1 "Washington Bee"
2 Zuberi, Tukufu., "W.E.B. Du Bois’s Sociology: The Philadelphia Negro and Social Science" (595) : 2004
3 Green, Dan S., "W.E.B. Du Bois’ Talented Tenth: A Strategy for Racial Advancement" 46 (46): 1977
4 Lewis, David L., "W.E.B. Du Bois: Biography of a Race, 1869-1919" Henry Holt and Company 1993
5 Horne, Gerald, "W.E.B. Du Bois: A Biography" Greenwood Press 2010
6 Hunter, Marcus Anthony, "W.E.B. Du Bois and Black Heterogeneity: How “The Philadelphia Negro” Shaped American Sociology" 46 (46): 2015
7 Reed Jr, Adolph L, "W.E.B. Du Bois and American Political Thought: Fabianism and the Color Line" Oxford University Press 1999
8 Gaines, Kevin K., "Uplifting the Race: Black Leadership, Politics, and Culture in the Twentieth Century" The University of North Carolina Press 1996
9 Washington, Booker T., "Up from Slavery" 2020
10 Du Bois, W. E. B., "The Souls of Black Folk" Oxford University Press 2007
11 Du Bois, W. E. B., "The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study" Oxford University Press 2007
12 Loughran, Kevin, "The Philadelphia Negro and Canon of Classical Urban Theory" 12 (12): 2015
13 Howard-Pitney, David, "The Jeremiads of Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and W.E.B. Du Bois and Changing Patterns of Black Messianic Rhetoric, 1841-1920" 6 (6): 1986
14 Aptheker, Herbert, "The Correspondence of W.E.B. Du Bois, Vol. 1: Selections, 1877-1943" University of Massachusetts Press 1973
15 Harlan, Louis R., "The Booker T. Washington Papers, Volume 10: 1909-11" University of Illinois Press 1972
16 Franklin, John Hope, "From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans" McGraw-Hill 2001
17 Du Bois, W.E.B., "Dusk of Dawn: An Essay Toward an Autobiography of a Race Concept" Oxford University Press 2007
18 Wilson, William Julius, "Du Bois’ The Philadelphia Negro:100 Years Later" 11 : 1996
19 황혜성, "Booker T. Washington과 W.E.B. Du Bois의 개인관계와 인종정책, 1895-1915" 1989
20 Marable, Manning, "Black Leadership" Columbia University Press 1998
21 Gatewood, William B., "Aristocrats of Color: The Black Elite, 1880-1920" Indiana University Press 1990
22 Appiah, Kwame Anthony, "Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and American Experience" Basic Civitas Books 1999
23 Hunter, Marcus Anthony, "A Bridge over Troubled Urban Warters: W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Philadelphia Negro and the Ecological Conundrum" 10 (10): 2013