Elementary language arts

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE ARTS?
• Chapter 1 What Are the Language Arts? = 3
• Goals of Language Arts Instruction = 6
• A Cognitive Framework for Studying Language Arts = 8
• The Role of the Teacher in Language Arts Instruction = 9
• UNIT 2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE
• Chapter 2 Thought Development = 13
• Stages of Memory = 14
• Interpretation System-Schema = 17
• Cognitive Development = 20
• Suggested Activities = 22
• Chapter 3 The Nature of Language = 25
• Sound／Symbol System of English = 28
• Phonological Development = 33
• English Syntax = 34
• Syntactic Development = 37
• Semantic System of English = 38
• Pragmatics = 42
• Suggested Activities = 44
• Chapter 4 Language Differences = 47
• Language and Culture : Important Connections = 48
• Dialect Differences = 49
• English As a Second Language = 54
• Teacher Attitudes = 60
• Implications for Language Arts Instruction = 61
• Language-Experience Lesson for Teaching Reading to the Bilingual Child = 64
• Suggested Activities = 66
• UNIT 3 EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE
• Chapter 5 Oral Language = 71
• Oral Language as Communication = 73
• Developing Oral Language = 76
• Experiences in the Spectator Role = 77
• Drama as a Medium for Content Area Instruction = 80
• Experiences in the Participant Role = 81
• Evaluation = 87
• Suggested Activities = 89
• Chapter 6 Writing = 93
• The Writing Process = 95
• Functions of Writing = 96
• Audience Considerations = 97
• Choice = 98
• Rehearsal = 100
• Composing = 101
• The Writing Conference = 102
• Peer Editing = 108
• Publishing Student Writing = 110
• Writing and Literature = 112
• Writing Across the Curriculum = 113
• Writing Classroom Environment = 113
• Evaluation = 115
• Suggested Activities = 118
• Chapter 7 Grammar = 123
• Traditional Grammar = 125
• Structural Grammar = 133
• Transformational Grammar = 137
• Grammar and Writing = 140
• Grammar and Reading = 140
• Grammar and the Computer = 141
• Suggested Activities = 141
• Chapter 8 Spelling = 145
• Invented Spelling = 146
• Formal Spelling at the Primary Level = 147
• Methods of Instruction = 152
• Formal Spelling at the Intermediate Level = 159
• Spelling and Meaning = 159
• Suggested Activities = 161
• Chapter 9 Handwriting = 165
• Basic Principles of Handwriting = 167
• Readiness for Handwriting = 168
• Techniques for Teaching Handwriting = 170
• Teaching Cursive Writing = 173
• The Left-Handed Child = 176
• Evaluation = 178
• Suggested Activities = 180
• UNIT 4 RECEPTIVE LANGUAGE
• Chapter 10 Listening = 185
• Listening as a Language Skill = 187
• An Information-Processing Model for Listening = 188
• Listening and Its Relationship to Reading = 190
• Developing Listening Skills = 192
• Listening for Different Purposes = 201
• Putting It All Together : Strategies for Listening／Reading Connections = 209
• Evaluating Listening Comprehension = 211
• Suggested Activities = 213
• Chapter 11 Reading Instruction = 215
• The Reading Process = 216
• Readiness for Print = 217
• Language and Concept Development = 218
• Developing a Schema for Books = 219
• Reading and Writing : Early Connections = 222
• Reading Instruction = 223
• Comprehension at the Word Level = 224
• Comprehension at the Sentence Level = 229
• Comprehension at the Schema Level = 233
• Major Approaches to Teaching Reading = 242
• Reading Evaluation Methods = 257
• Suggested Activities = 266
• Chapter 12 Vocabulary Development = 271
• Structural Analysis = 273
• Teaching Words in Concept Groups = 277
• The Dictionary and Thesaurus = 283
• Teaching Sight Vocabulary = 285
• Suggested Activities = 289
• UNIT 5 ORGANIZING THE ELEMENTARY CLASSROOM
• Chapter 13 Children's Literature = 293
• Using Children's Literature for Schema and Language Development = 294
• Evaluating Literature for Children = 298
• Sources of Good Books for Children = 301
• Developing Positive Attitudes Toward Written Language Through Books = 302
• Student Interests : Providing Stimulating and Interesting Books = 302
• Readability : Providing Books That Children Can Read = 305
• Using Children's Literature in the Language Arts Program = 307
• Helping Children Become Authors and Illustrators = 311
• Reading to Write = 315
• Suggested Activities = 317
• Chapter 14 Planning an Integrated Language Arts Curriculum = 321
• Rationale for an Integrated Curriculum = 322
• Curriculum Planning = 323
• Language Across the Curriculum = 332
• An Example of an Integrated Curriculum = 337
• Twenty-one Interesting Fiction Books in Social Studies = 345
• Twenty-one Interesting Books in Art and Music = 346
• Twenty-one Interesting Fiction and Nonfiction Books in Science = 346
• Suggested Activities = 347
• Chapter 15 Classroom Management = 351
• Arranging the Language Arts Classroom = 352
• Teacher Use of Time = 360
• Engagement and Success = 361
• Independent Seat Work = 363
• Discipline = 365
• Peer Teaching = 368
• Aides and Paraprofessionals = 368
• Computers in the Classroom = 369
• The Teacher as Primary Instructional Aide = 370
• Suggested Activities = 371
• Appendix A Marzano List of Basic Concept Clusters = 373
• Appendix B Newbery Medal Books = 405
• Appendix C Caldecott Medal Book = 409
• Photo Credits = 411
• Author Index = 415
• Subject Index = 419