Induction of Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Physcion, an Anthraquinone Isolated From Rhubarb (Rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum), in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background:Physcion is an anthraquinone from rhubarb (rhizomes of Rheum tanguticum) and has been reported to haveanti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antifungal, and anti-cancer activities. However, the growth inhibitory activity against human cancercells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been poorly determined. This study was designed to investigate the anti-proliferativeactivity of physcion by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cell line.
Methods:MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with physcion, and the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay.
The mechanisms of action for the growth inhibitory activity of physcion were evaluated by flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution,and by Western blot for the assessment of potential target proteins.
Results:Physcion showed a significant anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysisindicated that physcion markedly induced the accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase and the increase of cell population in the sub-G1phase. The G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by physcion was associated with the down-regulation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, CDK4, CDK2, c-Mycand phosphorylated Rb protein expressions. The increase of sub-G1 peak by physcion was closely correlated with the induction ofapoptosis,which was confirmed by the induction of cleaved poly-(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase, activation of Caspases, and suppressionof Bid and Bcl-2 expression.
Conclusions:The induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis might be one of the plausible mechanisms of actions for theanti-proliferative activity of physcion in human breast cancer cells.

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