미국의 고준위 방사성폐기물 처분시설 입지갈등으로부터의 교훈: 입지선정 절차와 주민참여 방법을 중심으로 = Lessens from a Siting Conflict of the U.S. High-Level Radioactive Waste Facility: Focusing on the Siting Process and the Method for Public Involvement

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to explore the siting process and the public involvement mechanism that caused the siting conflict of the US high-level radioactive waste disposal facility and what implications are needed to mitigate future siting conflicts. In the United States, after the Obama administration took office in 2009, the process of siting the high-level radioactive waste disposal facility was discontinued for the most part because of community objections. In accordance with the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, which governs the leading role of the federal government in the treatment of high-level radioactive waste, the federal government leads the process of site selection without a public offering process and it results in the lack of a feedback effort from a state, counties, and residents. However, the new Consent-Based Approach announced after 2013 is to ensure the right of withdrawal before the state and local government concludes the agreement and voluntarily participates in the public offering based on the opinion of residents, and to make it possible to prevent siting conflicts by stipulating substantive public participation and opinion convergence. It is important to note that this method is highly time and cost effective, enables substantial participation of residents through referendum in the decision-making process, and has a relatively high effectiveness in collecting opinions from the public through sufficient consultation and participation. This study also suggests that the role of the neutral third-party facilitator is to promote smooth communication through emotional relaxation between the parties. Finally, this case suggests that it is necessary to reduce the risk management cost due to the withdrawal by preemptively supporting the necessary resources and information so that the local governments in Korea will be able to voluntarily participate in the competition.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정정화, "환경갈등과 언론: 부안 방폐장에 대한 이해집단과 미디어 프레임 비교분석" 한국정책학회 16 (16): 177-208, 2007

2 최연홍, "핵폐기물 처리시설 입지선정과정의 갈등과 해결: 미국의 경우와 한국에의 시사점" 7 (7): 189-211, 1998

3 백상규, "제주해군기지와 방폐장 협상사례에서 지방자치단체의 역할 분석" 한국정책학회 23 (23): 147-178, 2014

4 김길수, "정책집행과정에서 주민저항 사례연구: 부안 방폐장 부지선정을 중심으로" 13 (13): 159-184, 2004

5 정지범, "입지정책 분야에서의 갈등과 조정: 경주 방폐장과 스웨덴 방폐장 사례 비교 연구" 한국행정연구소 48 (48): 145-169, 2010

6 오영민, "인과지도를 통한 고준위방사성폐기물처분장과 지역주민의 수용성의 관계 고찰" 한국시스템다이내믹스학회 10 (10): 29-52, 2009

7 한국원자력연구원, "선행국가의 고준위방사성폐기물 처분관련 연구 현황" 2008

8 조성경, "사용후핵연료 관리 이슈 공론장과 그 갈등구조에 관한 소고" 한국방사성폐기물학회 7 (7): 49-62, 2009

9 차재훈, "비 선호시설입지와 공공 갈등 ― 미국의 공공갈등 해결제도와 한국의 시사점 ―" 미국헌법학회 23 (23): 149-179, 2012

10 "미국 원자력규제위원회 홈페이지"

11 사용후핵연료 정책포럼, "미국 원자력 미래를 위한 블루리본위원회의 방사성폐기물 관리정책에 대한 주요 권고내용"

12 "미국 연방 에너지부 홈페이지"

13 "미국 네바다 주정부 방사성폐기물 정책국 홈페이지"

14 "미국 네바다 주 Nye County 방사성폐기물 처분시설 사무국 홈페이지"

15 채종헌, "고준위 방사성 폐기물 처리시설 정책의 공론화와 갈등예방에 관한 연구" 한국행정연구원 2010

16 Adams, M., "Yucca Mountain Licensing Proceeding" 2017

17 Nuclear Energy Institute, "World Statistics"

18 Halstead, R. J., "What’s Wrong With Yucca Mountain" 2017

19 Stewart, R. B., "U.S. Nuclear Waste Law and Policy: Fixing a Bankrupt System" 17 (17): 783-825, 2008

20 Walker, J. S., "The Road to Yucca Mountain: The Development of Radioactive Waste Policy in the United States" University of California Press 2009

21 U.S. Department of Energy, "Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste"

22 Mumpower J. L., "Siting High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities: Lessens from a Half Century of Many Failures and Few Successes" 8 (8): 1-28, 2017

23 Portney, K. E., "Siting Hazardous Waste Treatment Facilities: The NIMBY Syndrome" Auburn House 1991

24 Jenkins-Smith, H. C., "Reversing Nuclear Opposition: Evolving Public Acceptance of a Permanent Nuclear Waste Disposal Facility" 31 (31): 629-644, 2011

25 Halstead, R. J., "Remaking the US Nuclear Waste Program: A Window of Opportunity for Change?" 2015

26 Price, L. L., "Progress in Siting Nuclear Waste Facilities" 2014

27 Ewing, R., "Program in Arms Control, Disarmament, and International Security" University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2009

28 Greenberg, M., "Nuclear Waste Management, Nuclear Power, and Energy Choices: Public Preferences, Perceptions, and Trust" Springer 2012

29 LaTourrette, T., "Managing Spent Nuclear Fuel:Strategy Alternatives and Policy Implications" RAND Corporation 2010

30 U.S. Department of Energy, "Designing a Consent-Based Siting Process: Summary of Pubic Input Draft Report" 2016

31 Portney, K. E., "Controversial Issues in Environmental Policy: Science vs. Economics vs. Politics" Sage 1992

32 U.S. Department of Energy, "Blue Ribbon Commission Report and Transportation Program" 2012

33 "Affected Unit of Local Government(AULG)홈페이지"