Obesity, Type 2 DM and Exercise in people with SCI: Implication of sympathetic nervous system impairment in people with SCI = Obesity, Type 2 DM and Exercise in people with SCI: Implication of sympathetic nervous system impairment in people with SCI

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) have three to five times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms for the high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people with SCI are due to reduced physical activity and higher prevalence of obesity. Exercise is known to prevent and treat obesity and obesity related disorders such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Newly found hormone, leptin, has been known to control obesity. Leptin is produced by adipose tissue and secreted into the blood stream, which mainly acts in the hypothalamus to control food intake and basal metabolic rate. Sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in regulating leptinmediated basal metabolic rate. Impairment in sympathetic nervous system in people with SCI may put them at the higher risk of developing obesity and obesity related disorders. This review paper discusses the current literature on leptin physiology, the effects of exercise on leptin metabolism, role of sympathetic nervous system in leptin regulation, and the effects of exercise on obesity and type 2 diabetes in people with SCI.