唐ㆍ中葉의 政治思想 = confucianism and Legalism in Tang Politics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Chang Chiu-ling(張九齡), prominent statesman and poet of the Kai-yuan(開元) Period was an advocated Confucian Scholarship and Li Lin-fu(李林甫) was a renowned Legalist at least in his practice of politics.
Whether or not Ching Chih-ling and Li Lin-fu were enemies before 734, their ministry soon developed into a bitter personal struggle. rheir colleague Pei Yao-ch'ing(裵耀卿) sometimes supported one and sometimes the other, but was in any case much preoccupied with the complex reform of the grain transport system.
Both Chang Chiu-ling and Li Lin-fu enjoyed the emperor's highest regard; Chang as the successor to Chang Yueh in the role of moral counsellor and source of orthodox ritual and political wisdom, Li as a skilled administrator and institutional expert.
Li was an adept political manipulator, skilled in intrigue and in handling people; Chang was a notoriously difficult colleague, unyielding, intransigent, obstructive, obsessed with minor points of principle, narrow-minded and violent in his prejudices.
In particular he was passionately committed to the idea that literary values and scholarship were essential for a high office, and openly despised those who did not share his own literary background. His most bitter scorn was reserved for the military.
With two such disparate chief ministers trouble was inevitable, and their opposition was made the more severe since it epitomized the protracted struggle which had been intensifying since the early 720s between the literary elite recruited through the examinations and the older aristocratic elite elements and technical specialists in the bureaucracy.
As Chang had already predicted, after the An-Shih Rebellion the political disorder in T'ang imperial court became more complicated, and at the same time North-Eastern part of China was in revolt against the T'ang government. In 782 four local commanders set up independent administrations and took the title of 'king'.
Later, the bureaucrats in the court were divided in their views regarding the policies of the central government toward the military power in outlying districts. Factions at court, divided politically and by social origin, became so strong that the entire administration was threatened.
The struggle for political power between these two factions, intensified by personal feuds among the party leaders, continued for almost fifty years, and weakened the bureaucratic structure upon which the empire rested and strengthened further the power of the eunuchs who had entrenched themselves in the central administration and armies.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.緖言
• Ⅱ.儒家와 法家의 政治
• 1.張九齡과 儒家的政治
• 2.李林甫와 法家的政治
• Ⅲ.唐中葉의 政治
• 1.儒家의 書生과 官僚의 대립
• 2.이官의 政治參與
• Ⅳ.結語