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      광자극에 의한 일주기 교란 모델에서 전침의 간 염증 반응과 소포체 스트레스 회복 가능성 = Possibility of liver inflammatory response and endoplasmic reticulum stress recovery through electroacupuncture in a model of circadian disruption caused by chronic constant light

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A109434048

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      Objectives: Oriental medicine emphasizes circadian rhythm for maintaining health by balancing yin and yang energy. This study aims to investigate whether acupuncture treatment can recover liver dysfunction and inflammation-related indicators disrupted by photostimulation.
      Methods and Results: Continuous exposure to 150 Lux of light for 4 weeks extended the circadian rhythm of experimental animals from 23.95 hours to 26.6 hours. Zeitgeber 9 (ZT9) and ZT21 were selected as representative times of day and night, and blood was collected for analysis. Results showed that White Blood Cell(WBC) and lymphocyte counts decreased at ZT21 compared to ZT9, and these changes were restored after 3 weeks of acupuncture treatment at ZT21. In liver tissue, chemokines RANTES and CXCL7, altered by constant light exposure(CCL), were also restored by acupuncture treatment at HT7 and ST36. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were increased in the CCL group, but immune and inflammatory responses improved after acupuncture treatment at HT7 and ST36. As for endoplasmic reticulum stress, which regulates inflammatory cytokine expression, the expression of Bip, a protein that increases with protein folding abnormalities, was elevated in the CCL group but restored to ZT21 levels by acupuncture treatment. However, while proteins involved in apoptosis showed a decreasing trend in the CCL group, recovery through acupuncture treatment was not statistically confirmed.
      Conclusions: This study concludes that electroacupuncture at HT7 and ST36 can regulate blood and liver inflammation, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, in circadian rhythm disruption caused by photostimulation. It highlights a non-pharmacological approach to recovery.
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      Objectives: Oriental medicine emphasizes circadian rhythm for maintaining health by balancing yin and yang energy. This study aims to investigate whether acupuncture treatment can recover liver dysfunction and inflammation-related indicators disrupted...

      Objectives: Oriental medicine emphasizes circadian rhythm for maintaining health by balancing yin and yang energy. This study aims to investigate whether acupuncture treatment can recover liver dysfunction and inflammation-related indicators disrupted by photostimulation.
      Methods and Results: Continuous exposure to 150 Lux of light for 4 weeks extended the circadian rhythm of experimental animals from 23.95 hours to 26.6 hours. Zeitgeber 9 (ZT9) and ZT21 were selected as representative times of day and night, and blood was collected for analysis. Results showed that White Blood Cell(WBC) and lymphocyte counts decreased at ZT21 compared to ZT9, and these changes were restored after 3 weeks of acupuncture treatment at ZT21. In liver tissue, chemokines RANTES and CXCL7, altered by constant light exposure(CCL), were also restored by acupuncture treatment at HT7 and ST36. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were increased in the CCL group, but immune and inflammatory responses improved after acupuncture treatment at HT7 and ST36. As for endoplasmic reticulum stress, which regulates inflammatory cytokine expression, the expression of Bip, a protein that increases with protein folding abnormalities, was elevated in the CCL group but restored to ZT21 levels by acupuncture treatment. However, while proteins involved in apoptosis showed a decreasing trend in the CCL group, recovery through acupuncture treatment was not statistically confirmed.
      Conclusions: This study concludes that electroacupuncture at HT7 and ST36 can regulate blood and liver inflammation, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress, in circadian rhythm disruption caused by photostimulation. It highlights a non-pharmacological approach to recovery.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 Ji L, "Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of NAFLD : A promising drug Potentilla discolor Bunge" 12 : 3529-3547, 2022

      2 Akbulut H, "The role of granulocyte-macrophagecolony stimulating factor, cortisol, and melatonin in the regulation of the circadian rhythms of peripheral blood cells in healthy volunteers and patients with breast cancer" 26 : 1-8, 1999

      3 Bering T, "The circadian oscillator of the cerebellum : triiodothyronine regulates clock gene expression in granule cells in vitro and in the cerebellum of neonatal rats in vivo" 12 : 706433-, 2021

      4 Oosterman JE, "The circadian clock, shift work, and tissue-specific insulin resistance" 161 : bqaa180-, 2020

      5 Mukherji A, "The circadian clock and liver function in health and disease" 71 : 200-211, 2019

      6 Shetty A, "Role of the circadian clock in the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" 63 : 3187-3206, 2018

      7 Li B, "Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" 2022 : 5259088-, 2022

      8 Lee S-H, "Potentiation of TRAIL-induced cell death by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the ER stress-dependent autophagy pathway" 44 : 1136-1148, 2020

      9 Zhao X, "Inhibition of ER stress-activated JNK pathway attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells" 541 : 8-14, 2021

      10 Kim S, "Endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced IRE1α activation mediates cross-talk of GSK-3βand XBP-1 to regulate inflammatory cytokine production" 194 : 4498-4506, 2015

      1 Ji L, "Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of NAFLD : A promising drug Potentilla discolor Bunge" 12 : 3529-3547, 2022

      2 Akbulut H, "The role of granulocyte-macrophagecolony stimulating factor, cortisol, and melatonin in the regulation of the circadian rhythms of peripheral blood cells in healthy volunteers and patients with breast cancer" 26 : 1-8, 1999

      3 Bering T, "The circadian oscillator of the cerebellum : triiodothyronine regulates clock gene expression in granule cells in vitro and in the cerebellum of neonatal rats in vivo" 12 : 706433-, 2021

      4 Oosterman JE, "The circadian clock, shift work, and tissue-specific insulin resistance" 161 : bqaa180-, 2020

      5 Mukherji A, "The circadian clock and liver function in health and disease" 71 : 200-211, 2019

      6 Shetty A, "Role of the circadian clock in the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" 63 : 3187-3206, 2018

      7 Li B, "Research progress on the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" 2022 : 5259088-, 2022

      8 Lee S-H, "Potentiation of TRAIL-induced cell death by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the ER stress-dependent autophagy pathway" 44 : 1136-1148, 2020

      9 Zhao X, "Inhibition of ER stress-activated JNK pathway attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells" 541 : 8-14, 2021

      10 Kim S, "Endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced IRE1α activation mediates cross-talk of GSK-3βand XBP-1 to regulate inflammatory cytokine production" 194 : 4498-4506, 2015

      11 Tsutsumi S, "Endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced apoptosis" 11 : 1009-1016, 2004

      12 Seo SY, "Electroacupuncture stimulation of HT7 alleviates sleep disruption following acute caffeine exposure by regulating BDNF-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the rat medial septum" 155 : 113724-, 2022

      13 Lange T, "Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on the human immune system" 1193 : 48-59, 2010

      14 Cheng J, "Effects of electroacupuncture on the daily rhythmicity of intestinal movement and circadian rhythmicity of colonic Per2 expression in rats with spinal cord injury" 2016 : 9860281-, 2016

      15 Yuan J, "Effect of low frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation at Shenmen(HT7)on sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia" 99 : e21292-, 2020

      16 Zeng Z-H, "Effect of electroacupuncture stimulation of back-shu points on expression of TNF-alpha and lipid peroxidation reaction in the liver tissue in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats" 39 : 288-292, 2014

      17 Castanon-Cervantes O, "Dysregulation of inflammatory responses by chronic circadian disruption" 185 : 5796-5805, 2010

      18 Ferreira LL, "Doxorubicin persistently rewires cardiac circadian homeostasis in mice" 94 : 257-271, 2020

      19 Patiño MAL, "Daily rhythmic expression patterns of clock1a, bmal1, and per1genes in retina and hypothalamus of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss" 28 : 381-389, 2011

      20 Oishi K, "Clock mutation affects circadian regulation of circulating blood cells" 4 : 1-7, 2006

      21 Suzuki S, "Circadian rhythm of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets and its possible correlation with the function of the autonomic nervous system" 110 : 500-508, 1997

      22 Esquifino AI, "Circadian organization of the immune response : a role for melatonin" 4 : 423-433, 2004

      23 Silva S, "Antidepressants and circadian rhythm : exploring their bidirectional interaction for the treatment of depression" 13 : 1975-, 2021

      24 Oh J-E, "Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture at ST36 point : a literature review in animal studies" 12 : 813748-, 2022

      25 Zijlstra FJ, "Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture" 12 : 59-69, 2003

      26 Colombini B, "Ageing and low-level chronic inflammation : the role of the biological clock" 11 : 2228-, 2022

      27 Ketelauri P, "Acute circadian disruption due to constant light promotes Caspase 1 activation in the mouse hippocampus" 12 : 1836-, 2023

      28 Sun X, "Acupuncture protects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis" 26 : 1-14, 2020

      29 Eshkevari L, "Acupuncture blocks cold stress-induced increases in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis in the rat" 217 : 95-104, 2013

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