This study aimed to analyze the social network types of elders living alone on an explanatory level and empirically verify the relationship of each social network type with their satisfaction in life and health promotion behaviors to seek plans that c...
This study aimed to analyze the social network types of elders living alone on an explanatory level and empirically verify the relationship of each social network type with their satisfaction in life and health promotion behaviors to seek plans that can improve the quality of their life. To do so, the data from 2014 National Survey on elders, which was conducted by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and Ministry of Health and Welfare, was used, and targeted 2,375 elders that are living alone. Grounded theories included Activity Theory, Disengagement Theory, Biopsychosocial Cumulative Effects Model and the Convoy Model. In order to verify the social network types of elders living alone, latent class analysis was performed, and to verify the mediating effects of health promotion behaviors in the relationship between social network types and satisfaction in life, the mediation analysis with multicategorical independent variable was performed.
As a result of analysis, social network types of elders living alone included 'society-participating diversified type' (34.1%)', 'society-participating children-focused type' (27.0%), 'society-participating friend-focused type' (10.0%), 'children-dependent type' (15.6%)' and 'isolated type' (13.2%), which each type was closely related to their satisfaction in life and health promotion behaviors. First, when the society-participating diversified type was set as the reference group and the remaining four types were compared, the satisfaction in life of the remaining four types had a negative influence than the society-participating diversified type. In other words, elders that fall in society-participating children-focused type, society-participating friend-focused type, children-dependent type and isolated type experienced lower level of satisfaction in life than those in society-participating diversified type. Next, health promotion behaviors only had mediating effects in children-dependent type and isolated type. This means that elders in children-dependent type and isolated type pay less attention to health than those that receive social support through their social network, affecting their quality of life negatively.
Based on the results of analysis, the following suggestions and implications can be drawn.
First, social activities provide elders living alone with the opportunity to expand their social network, so it should be aggressively recommended to them. Second, the neighbor and friendship network in the community should be vitalized. Third, an active intervention on elders living alone regarding health promotion behaviors is required, and especially for the elders of disconnected type (children-dependent, isolated), the elder care services should be expanded and reinforced so proper health management occurs through life managers.
This study is significant in determining the effects of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of social networks on the satisfaction in life by using a person-centered approach to classifying social network types for elders living alone, who are expected to increase more. In addition, whereas the previous studies on social network types only examined the linear relationships, this study verified the mediating effects of health promotion behaviors to suggest an additional intervention plan to improve the quality of life for elders living alone.