면우(?宇) 곽종석(郭鍾錫)의 유학 위도의식(衛道意識) 일고 = Myeonwu Gwak Jongseok`s Consciousness for preserving the Origin of Confucianism[儒學 衛道意識]

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

`Myeonwu Gwak Jongseok[?宇 郭鍾錫]`(1846-1919) was a representative confucian scholar who experienced the collapse of Chosun dynasty in the middle of huge transitional age of eastern penetration by the west. Confucianism was the ruling ideology in the Chosun dynasty for five hundred years, but it was also heavily criticized as a major cause of the decay for the dynasty. However, Myeonwu considered it was not purely originated from Confucianism itself, but mostly driven by some facts that scholars were totally swamped with extremely conceptual issues deviated from reality and governmental affairs were dominated by avarice and exploitation. Therefore, he strongly believed that recovery of the origin of Confucianism and `virtuous politics[德治]` based upon `humanity and justice[仁義]` were the only ways to overcome upcoming national crisis. Subsequently, he endeavored his sincere efforts to desperately sustain the core of Confucianism in order to confront the imminent invasion from foreign imperial powers. The paper analyzed Myeonwu`s thought and activities in a variety of areas focused on his endeavors to keep and restore the origin of Confucianism, and to deliver the ethical values to the next generations. For him, whether to protect the Confucianism or not was an uncompromising milestone and basis to determine his thought and activities. In details, Myeonwu advised emperor `Gojong[高宗]` to recover the broken discipline and to establish the harmony of former kings by admiring a `Logitimate Theory[正學]`. He also continuously debated with scholars to maintain `Simjeukri Theory[心卽理說]` of `Hanju[寒洲]`. He sometimes showed an open-mind in the context of the conservative confucius manor, though he did not join the righteous army, but was deeply involved in the Paris letter movement. They were all about the representation of pertaining the values in Confucianism. In addition, Myeonwu provided academic and self-training attitude to restore the Confucianism and to determine how to react when particular selection was requested. He showed fundamentalism for traditional rites in terms of cultivating morality to prevent western custom. In these days, the morality in the Confucianism substantially deteriorated which Myeonwu tried to preserve and deliver to the next generation already in 100 years ago. Considering that western customs dominated our society by revealing many unprecedented problems, it could be definitely valuable to retrospect the ethical values in the Confucianism, which emphasized humanity and justice and `virtue[德]`, and to reevaluate Myeonwu`s thoughts on strong belief to relieve the world through realizing the morality in the Confucianism.