Structural Model of Delinquent Behavior Influenced by Media Violence in Korea = 暴力媒體에 의한 非行行動의 構造模型開發

국문 초록 (Abstract)

연구목적 : 청소년의 비행행동을 설명, 예측하기 위하여 복합연합이론(differential association theory), 사회학습이론(social learning theory) 및 문제행동이론(problem behavior theory)을 근거로 폭력매체와 비행행동간의 관계를 설명해주는 가설적 모형을 제시하고 이를 검정하여 수정모형을 구축한 후 비행행동에 영향을 미치는 제변수들의 효과를 검정하였다.
연구방법 : 표본추출방법은 지역(서울-지방) 및 조사기관의 유형(중학교, 고등학교, 소년원, 분류심사원)을 함께 고려한 비례층화표본추출법을 적용하였으며 총연구대상자는 1,943(비행청소년 : 707, 학생 청소년 : 1,236)이었으나 설문지 응답에 있어서 완벽하게 반응 안한 1,406명은 제외하였다. 따라서 실제 연구대상자는 537명(비행청소년 217명, 학생청소년 : 320명)으로 구성되어 있다. 자료는 설문지법과 면담법, 학생생활기록부, 기타 재원 생활기록부를 통하여 수집하였으며 수집된 자료는 공볍량구조모형(LISREL, 7.16)분석을 통해 분석하였다. 본연구에서 청소년의 비행행동을 설명하는 내생변수는 욕구충족/좌절정도, 사회성성향, 반사회적 성격양상, 정신신체증상호소성향, 우울성향 및 폭력매체요인 등이 포함되었으며 외생변수로는 가정역동적 환경변수를 설정하였다. 이들 이론 변수에 대한 측정변수는 모두 18개이다.
연구결과 : 가설적 모형설정 단계에서는 연구변수들간의 가능성 있는 인과관계를 모두 설정하여 포화모형이 이루어졌으나 p값이 0.05이상의 beta값을 보여 변수간의 인과관계에 의미가 없는 변수는 제거하거나 의미없는 통로는 폐쇄하였다. 이와같은 과정을 통하여 가설 모형에 비하여 적합도와 간명도가 보다 개선된 수정 모형을 형성하였다. 수정모형에서 제시한 결과를 보면 청소년들의 비행행동에 가장 큰 직접적 영향을 미치는 요인은 폭력매체 요인이었으며, 총체적으로 가장 큰 영향을 준 요인은 가정 역동적 환경요인이었다.
결 론 : 청소년들은 폭력매체에 대한 관심도가 높고 폭력매체에 노출되는 시간이 길고 폭력장면을 모방하고 싶은 충동이나 실제 모방횟수가 많을수록 비행(범죄)행동을 많이 하였고 가정환경이 불안정할수록 청소년들은 그들의 가정에서 파생한 욕구좌절이나 정신신체증상을 텔레비전, 라디오, 영화, 만화, 비디오 등과 같은 매체를 통하여 결국 비행행동화의 경로를 밟았다. 따라서 폭력매체 요인은 청소년들이 비행행동을 하는데 있어서 직접적인 영향을 미쳤을뿐만 아니라 가정환경이나 청소년 개개인의 성격특성들에 의해서 영향받아 비행해동을 유발하는데 매개적 역할도 하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective : The purpose of this study was to test theoretical model and to build up of final modified model for explaining juvenile delinquency by media violence.
Method : Data were collected through questionnaire survey over a period of 2 months. The subjects served for this study consisted of 1,943 adolescents including 707 delinquent adolescents and 1,236 student adolescents in Korea, sampled from Korean student population and delinquent adolescent population in juvenile correctional institions, using proportional stratified random sampling method. But, only 537 respondents including 217 delinquent adolescents and 320 student adolescents among 1,943 that replied perfectly to questionnaires was employed for this study. In this study, exogeneous variable was family dynamic environment, and endogenous variables were character of adolescents including need satisfaction/frustration, sociability, antisocial personality tendency, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms and depressive trend, juvenile delinquent behavior and media violence themes including the extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes. A
total of 18 instruments were used to operationalized concepts in this model. Statistical method employed was covariance structural modelling.
Results : For build up of the best fit model, the authors proceed by saturating the model that is, including an arrow for all the possible relationships among all the variables. Afterward, a progressive elimination of the nonsignificant relationships, based on the betas that did not show a p〈0.05 levels, was performed, this level was chosen for reasons of parsimony since the size of sample implied many statistically significance.
The results of this analysiswere as follows :
In order to investigate the fitness of theoretical model to our data, Chi-square and goodness of fit index were identified. These results of chi-square value and fitness index score did not to be fit to the theoretical model which hypothesized the causal effect among various variables established in this study. Therefore the authors removed the endogeneous variable, sociability among character of adolescent because of being not significantly influenced on delinquent behavior for constructing the best fit model. The
parsimonious best fit model included the various constructs defining family dynamic environment, need frustration, antisocial personality pattern, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms, depressive trend and media violence themes as direct paths to delinquent behavior. This final modified model yielded a very definitely improved goodness of fit indices. According to final modified model, it was revealed that the effects of media violence, complaints of psychosomatic symptoms, antisocial personality tendency on juvenile delinquency were significant positively higher. Especially, the most exerting influential variable on delinquent behavior in this model was media violence themes. The
family dynamic environment also, as direct and /or indirect paths, was assumed a
positive influence on juvenile delinquency as well as media violence themes.
Conclusion : In brief, it was found that media violence served as the most direct contributor to juvenile delinquency. That is, as the adolescents had the higher extent of interest in and exposure and modelling impulsiveness and modelling to media violence themes, they showed the more frequency of delinquent behavior. The single most powerful contributor by total effect to the development of delinquent behavior identified in this study was the family dynamic environment. That is, as the adolescents had the more unstable family dynamic environment, they became the more frustrated to their psychological need, and revealed the more maladaptive personality pattern, consequently
they behaved the higher misconducts such as juvenile delinquency through media
violence.