팬데믹 위기에서 쿠바의 개혁개방 정책과 변화: 대북 시사점 = Cuba’s Changes of Market Reform Policy in the Pandemic Crisis: Implications to North Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study discusses about development and process of market reform policy in Cuba, one of countries with which we do not have diplomatic relationship yet, and it suggests policy implications to North Korea from the Cuba’s experiences. Specially, as reform policy tools, it analyzes development process of self-employed business and tourism industry in Cuba. Expansion of self-ownership and tourism business has played an important role of driving force of economic growth and development, and it has been used as important policy tools to overcome economic crisis and to maintain socialist stability as well. In response to economic crisis caused by COVID-19 and to changes in economic and social envirnment, Cuba’s government took new economic and social measures such as the ratification of Constitution which includes privatization for means of production and self-owned business and private ownership. The new Constitution guarantees right to transact privately owned commodity and services. Other measures include allowance of establishment of SMEs and provision of license of import and export. Cuba’s experience from the reform policy implies that promotion of economic activities in self-owned business and tourism industries should be market-led policy rather than state-led policy in response to economic crisis. Further, North Korea should implement more market-oriented policy seriously to overcome COVID-19 economic crisis.

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