The synthesis of nanomaterials has been investigated in various devices due to the advantages that arise as the structure becomes smaller. To improve the devices such as memory devices (NAND flash and DRAM), QNED, QLED displays, and solar cells, the n...
The synthesis of nanomaterials has been investigated in various devices due to the advantages that arise as the structure becomes smaller. To improve the devices such as memory devices (NAND flash and DRAM), QNED, QLED displays, and solar cells, the nanostructures of GaN nanorod, quantum dots, and thin film are being actively studied. Among them, the non-linearity of the I - V curve as a neuromorphic memory is closely related to the thickness of the material and the ionic mobility, so it is essential to fabricate a nanoscale material with good mobility characteristics.
In this thesis, the synthetic copper selenide thin film using the atomic layer deposition method is introduced, focusing on the high ionic mobility and thickness control in the angstrom unit, and various substrates were used in terms of epitaxial growth, hydrophilicity. Also, the memristive effect was characterized in copper selenide film. TiO2 nanotubes, one of the nanostructures, were synthesized by the anodization method, and the mechanism to mitigate the burning phenomenon was revealed. The conformal coating, the advantage of atomic layer deposition, was implemented on TiO2 nanotubes.
First of all, this paper describes in detail the atomic layer deposition apparatus, the operating principle of the apparatus, and the requirements of the atomic layer deposition. Copper selenide was deposited on a silicon substrate, and the produced film via atomic layer deposition was analyzed for the first time using various analysis techniques.
Secondly, the substrate dependency of copper selenide growth was described in terms of hydrophilicity and epitaxial growth due to not well-defined influence of substrate in the atomic layer deposition process. The copper selenide was deposited for the first time via atomic layer deposition on platinum with a relatively hydrophobic surface and titanium with a hydrophilic surface by a native oxide, and the properties of the film were analyzed. To control hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, 4-methylbenzenethiol or 4-nitrobenzenethiol was adsorbed on the surface, and copper selenide was deposited to confirm deposition characteristics according to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. Also, the growth of single-crystalline triangular copper selenide on graphene was synthesized and analyzed for the first time. The deposition characteristics on MLG and BLG were confirmed, and copper selenide grew similarly in the transition metal chalcogenides (molybdenum sulfide and tungsten selenide). Also, the observed moiré-patterns in TEM images due to misalignment between graphene and copper selenide were imitated using graphene and cubic copper selenide lattice according to varying twist angles, and copper selenide synthesis on large scale graphene for industrial application was also performed. Through this experiment, Van der Waals epitaxial growth of copper selenide on graphene and influence of hydrophilicity during atomic layer deposition process were confirmed.
Thirdly, the TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by soft and hard anodization, and the conformal coating of copper selenide via atomic layer deposition on self-organized regular array of TiO2 nanotubes was achieved. The observed aspect ratio of the TiO2 nanotube on which the copper selenide was deposited was 50 or more. Besides, the relaxation mechanism of burning occurring during hard anodization was revealed using formamide.
Fourthly, it was verified by calculation and simulation that the conditions for maximizing the non-linear characteristics of I – V curves in memristor are high ionic mobility and thin layer of solid electrolytes. The deposition of copper selenide through the atomic layer deposition apparatus is optimal for the memristor device in terms of ionic mobility of material and thickness control. The deposited copper selenide has a 1 ms of switching time, 400 s of retention time, Ron/off = 2, and it is reproducible over 1000 cycles. Short-term and long-term memory that occur in the brain were implemented by adjusting the period of voltage pulses.
This thesis presents an approach to improve the synthesis of copper selenide thin films through atomic layer deposition and TiO2 nanotubes via hard anodization. Considering the properties of copper selenide and TiO2, the applications of the materials are suggested, and the memristive properties, one of the applications of copper selenide, are described in terms of the spike timing dependent plasticity.