This thesis presents a facile sensing platform for real-time, distributed, and field-deployable water quality monitoring, addressing limited real-time responsiveness, insufficient spatial resolution, and poor suitability for continuous observation tha...
This thesis presents a facile sensing platform for real-time, distributed, and field-deployable water quality monitoring, addressing limited real-time responsiveness, insufficient spatial resolution, and poor suitability for continuous observation that constrain conventional approaches based on on-site sampling followed by laboratory analysis. In this study, we adopted a facile and mask-free methodology to fabricate spiral-structured laser-induced graphene (LIG) directly on polyimide substrates via site-specific CO2 laser irradiation under ambient conditions, enabling ultrafast fabrication with high process flexibility. The resulting LIG exhibits a three-dimensional porous nanostructure, tunable wettability governed by surface energy, and high sensitivity, thereby enabling effective detection of chloride ions, copper ions, and pH variations. To validate practical applicability, the LIG was further integrated into an origami-inspired floating platform that operates without full immersion, enabling stable sensing at the air–water interface. This floating architecture minimizes water flow-induced disturbances and offers high compatibility with drone-assisted deployment for multipoint measurements over large areas. Sensing experiments distinctly verified fast response characteristics, excellent linearity, and high sensitivity within environmentally relevant concentration ranges, achieving detection limits of 0.05 ppm for chloride ions, 0.1 ppm for copper ions, and an equivalent limit of approximately 100 ppm for pH-related sensing. Notably, consistent sensing performance was well retained under diverse operating modes, entailing dropping, dipping, floating, and drone-assisted measurements, ascertaining robust operation in practical environments. Furthermore, field demonstrations employing drone-based deployment unequivocally validated spatially resolved mapping of water-quality distributions, highlighting the capability of the proposed platform as a viable tool for autonomous and real-time environmental monitoring. Overall, this work proposes an expandable and multifunctional environmental sensing paradigm that integrates LIG with floating sensor architectures and aerial deployment strategies for next-generation water quality monitoring systems.