Principles and performance in diesel engineering

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = 11
• Chapter 1 Combustion and Heat Release in Diesel Engines / S. D. Haddad[Dept. of Engineering Technology, Western Michigan University]
• 1 Introduction - Ideal Gas Cycles = 13
• 2. Basic Types of Diesel Engine = 17
• 2.1 Four-stroke Cycle Diesel Engine = 17
• 2.2 Two-stroke Cycle Diesel Engine = 17
• 2.3 Multi-fuel Diesel Engine = 19
• 2.4 Points favourable to Diesel Engines compared withpetrol Engines = 19
• 2.5 Points unfavourable to Diesel Engines = 19
• 3. Diesel Engine Combustion = 19
• 4. Combustion Chamber design in Diesel Engines = 23
• 4.1 D.I. Combustion Chambers = 24
• 4.2 I.D.I. Combustion Chambers = 26
• 5. Effect of operating conditions on Diesel Engine Combustion = 27
• 5.1 Injection Timing = 27
• 5.2 Engine Speed = 27
• 5.3 Fuel-Air Ratio = 27
• 5.4 Compression Ratio (C.R.) = 28
• 5.5 The Delay period, its Calculation and Control = 28
• 6. Heat Release Calculations in Diesel Engines = 29
• 6.1 Basic Heat Release Theory = 30
• 6.2 Data Required for the Computation of Heat Release = 38
• 6.2.1 Cylinder Pressure Measurement = 38
• 6.2.2 Crank Angle Measurement = 38
• 6.2.3 Measurement of Needle Lift = 39
• 6.2.4 Resistance Strain Gauge for Fuel Pressure Measurement = 39
• 6.2.5 Calculation of the Total Fuel Injected = 40
• 6.2.6 Measurement of Inlet Air Flow Rate = 40
• 6.3 Comments on the Accuracy of the Computed of Heat Release in Diesel Engines = 42
• 6.4 The use of the Heat Release Rate Diagram = 44
• References = 45
• Chapter 2 Fuels for Diesel Engines / W. Tipler[Senior Consultant]
• 1. Introduction = 48
• 2. The True Thermal Efficiency = 49
• 3. Petroleum-Based Diesel Fuel = 49
• 4. Coal as a Diesel Fuel = 53
• 4.1 Coal-Based Liquid Fuels = 53
• 4.2 The Alternative Approach to Coal-Based Road Transport Fuels = 55
• 4.3 Pulverized Coal as a Diesel Fuel = 56
• 5. Diesel Fuels derived from Vegetable matter = 57
• 5.1 Alcohols as Diesel Fuels = 57
• 5.2 Vegetable oils as Diesel Fuels = 58
• 6. Fuel Specifications = 61
• 7. Conclusions = 62
• References = 64
• Chapter 3 Heat Transfer in Diesel Engines / Nessinn Hay[Senior Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nottingham]
• 1. Introduction = 65
• 2. Heat Transfer Background = 65
• 3. Types of Heat Transfer problem which arise in Diesel Engines = 67
• 4. Heat Transfer rates for Cycle Calculations = 67
• 5. Thermal Loading Calculations = 68
• 6. Performance of Individual Components = 70
• 7. Improvements to Current Designs of Engines = 73
• 8. Problems relating to Low Heat Loss Engines = 75
• 9. Conclusions = 75
• References = 76
• Chapter 4 The Governing of Diesel Engines / G. C. Gant[Chief Engineer, Regulateurs Europa Limited]
• 1. Introduction = 77
• 2. The Diesel Engine as a Control Element = 78
• 2.1 Introduction = 78
• 2.2 Mathematical Model for Engine = 80
• 2.3 Firing Delay = 82
• 2.4 Engine Acceleration Rate = 83
• 2.5 Typical Example of an Engine Model = 83
• 3. Basic Mechanical Governor = 86
• 3.1 Introduction = 86
• 3.2 Analysis = 86
• 4. Hydraulic Servo-Assisted Governor = 89
• 4.1 Introduction = 89
• 4.2 Basic Servo Governor = 89
• 4.3 Practical Servo Governor = 92
• 4.4 Operation of Practical Servo Governor = 93
• 4.5 Analysis of Pressure Feedback Governor = 98
• 4.6 Performance = 103
• 4.7 Practical Design Features = 111
• 5. Ancillary Functions = 112
• 5.1 Speed Setting Methods = 112
• 5.2 Fuel Limitation = 113
• 5.3 Load Control = 114
• 6. Governing of Small Diesel Engines = 115
• 7. Electronic Governors = 118
• 7.1 General = 118
• 7.2 Electronic Governor Systems = 118
• 8. Glossary of Terms = 121
• Chapter 5 Supercharging and Turbocharging / N. Watson[Reader in Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London]
• 1. Introduction to Supercharging = 122
• 2. Airflow through an Engine = 123
• 2.1 Four-Stroke Engine = 123
• 2.2 Two-Stroke Engine = 126
• 2.3 Charge cooling = 128
• 3. Engine Performance Limitations = 131
• 4. Engine Power and Airflow = 132
• 5. Engine Power and Supercharger Requirements = 134
• 5.1 Four-stroke truck diesel engine = 134
• 5.2 Four-stroke medium-speed marine diesel engine = 141
• 5.3 Four-stroke diesel passenger car engine = 148
• 6. Supercharger requirements at Altitude = 155
• 7. Turbochargers for Vehicle Diesel Engines = 158
• 7.1 Compressor = 159
• 7.2 Turbine = 160
• 7.3 Bearings and centre casing = 162
• 8. Turbocharger performance = 164
• 8.1 Non-dimensional representation of compressor and turbine characteristics = 164
• 8.2 Compressor performance = 165
• 8.3 Turbine performance = 167
• 9. Turbocharging Systems-Principles = 170
• 9.1 Principles of constant pressure turbocharging = 170
• 9.2 Principles of pulse turbocharging = 173
• 10. Turbocharger Matching = 183
• 10.1 Introduction = 183
• 10.2 Airflow characteristics of engine and turbocharger = 185
• 10.2.1 Four-stroke engines = 185
• 10.2.2 Two-stae engines = 187
• 10.3 Matching for constant speed operation = 189
• 10.4 Matching for four-stroke vehicle engine = 190
• 10.4.1 Torque curve = 190
• 10.4.2 Turbine matching = 193
• 10.4.3 Fuel delivery and engine speed range = 196
• 10.4.4 Compressor matching = 197
• 11. Changes in Ambient Conditions = 201
• Acknowledgements = 203
• Nomenclature = 203
• References = 204
• Chapter 6 Diesel Exhaust Emissions / R. W. Wheeler[Atlantic Research Associates]
• 1. General Historical Introduction = 205
• 2. Diesel Pollutants = 207
• 3. Pollutant sampling and measurement = 208
• 4. CVS = 209
• 5. Pollutant Analysis Equipment = 210
• 6. Principles of Analysers = 211
• 7. Chemfluminescence Analysers (CLA) = 212
• 8. Hydrocarbon Analysers = 213
• 9. Analysis benches for gaseous emissions = 216
• 10. Particulate Analysis = 216
• 11. Odour Analysis = 218
• 12. Aldehyde Analysis = 219
• 13. Sulphate Analysis = 219
• 14. Other minority emissions = 220
• 15. Diesel combustion and emissions = 220
• 16. Emissions Modelling = 222
• 17. Fuel effects on Emissions = 224
• 18. Reducing Emissions = 224
• 19. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) = 225
• 20. Water Injection or Emulsions = 225
• 21. Catalysts and Soot Filters = 226
• 22. Water Scrubbers and Conditioners = 227
• 23. Fumigation = 227
• 24. Health Effects = 228
• References = 230
• Chapter 7 Lubrication in Diesel Engines / Len W. Kilbourne[Automotive Products, Silkolene Oil Refmery]
• 1. Introduction = 234
• 2. Brief look at Lubrication Theory = 234
• 3. Construction of a Diesel Engine Lubricant = 235
• 4. Necessary Properties = 236
• 5. Detergent / Dispersant = 236
• 6. Oxidation Inhibitors = 237
• 7. Anti-wear Additives = 237
• 8. Viscosity Index Improvers = 238
• 9. Pour Point Depressants = 238
• 10. Other Additives = 238
• 11. Special aspects of Diesel Engine Lubrication = 239
• 12. Oil specifications = 239
• 13. Future Diesel Engine Lubricants = 243
• Acknowledgement = 245
• Chapter 8 Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Diesel Engines / S. D. Haddad(Dept. Engineering Technology, Western Michigan University)
• 1 Introduction = 246
• 2. Condition Monitoring versus Other Maintenance Techniques = 246
• 3. Advantages obtained by the use of C.M = 248
• 4. Factors influencing the choice of Condition Monitoring methods = 248
• 5. Techniques for Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Diesel Engines = 249
• 6. Condition Checking Techniques = 249
• 6.1 Engine Power Estimation = 250
• 6.2 Cylinder Power Balance = 250
• 6.3 Cylinder Compression Balance = 250
• 6.4 Cylinder Unit Monitoring = 251
• 6.4.1 Thermal Load = 251
• 6.4.2 Surface Temperature of Cylinder Liners = 251
• 6.4.3 Piston Ring Condition = 252
• 6.4.4 Combustion Monitoring = 252
• 6.4.5 Linear Wear = 253
• 6.5 Fuel Injection Systems = 254
• 6.6 Air Charging System = 257
• 6.7 Exhaust System = 258
• 6.8 Blow-by = 258
• 6.9 Pressure Pulsation Analysis = 259
• 6.10 Electrical System = 259
• 6.11 Lubrication System = 260
• 6.12 Cooling System = 260
• 6.13 Bearings = 260
• 7. Trend Monitoring Techniques = 261
• 7.1 Vibration and Noise Monitoring = 261
• 7.1.1 Level 1 Overall Vibration Measurements = 262
• 7.1.2 Level 2 Third Octave Frequency Analysis of Vibration Measurements = 263
• 7.1.3 Level 3 Narrow Band Analysis of Vibration Measurements = 264
• 7.1.4 Level 4 Normalized Narrow Band Analysis of Vibration Measurements = 264
• 7.2 Debris Analysis in Engine's Circulating Fluids = 266
• 7.2.1 Equipment (Ferrography) = 267
• 7.3 Performance Trend Monitoring = 267
• 7.4 Some Non-destructive Testing Techniques = 268
• 7.5 Other Methods = 269
• 8. C.M. Sensors = 269
• 9. Common Sensors used for Condition Monitoring Applications (in Diesel Engines) = 270
• 10. Cost of C.M = 270
• References = 273
• Index = 278