PUROPSE: Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a potentially irreversible, disabling and serious adverse event of antipsychotic drugs. Although the pathophysiology of TD is still unclear, dopamine receptor hypersensitivity hypothesis is most widely accepted. A nu...
PUROPSE: Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a potentially irreversible, disabling and serious adverse event of antipsychotic drugs. Although the pathophysiology of TD is still unclear, dopamine receptor hypersensitivity hypothesis is most widely accepted. A number of genetic studies focused on the association of TD with various polymorphisms in dopaminergic system do not result in consistency yet. However, recent extensive use of second generation antipsychotics and its strong serotonergic action has been proposed as a underlying mechanism for lowering the risk of TD. These findings suggest that genetic variations of serotonergic function might alter the risk of TD
The aim of this study is to investigate the association between two serotonergic polymorphisms(A-1438G of the 5-HT2A receptor gene and 5-HTTLPR of serotonin transporter gene) and TD.
METHODS: Two hundred and fifty eight adult patients with schizophrenia were tested for 5-HT2A receptor(HTR2A) -1438A/G and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism by PCR-based method. The patients divided into schizophrenia with(n=95) and without TD(n=163). TD was diagnosed according to the research diagnostic criteria for TD based on abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). All of the non-TD patients had received typical antipsychotics treatment for at least 10 years. Categorical data including the frequency distribution of the genotype, allele, and allele carrier were analyzed using chi-square test. Continuous variables evaluated using Student’s t-test or one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). The multifactor dimensionality reduction(MDR) approach was also used to detect gene-gene interactions. We utilized multivariate logistic regeression analysis as well.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the HTR2A -1438A/G genotypes (χ2=1.53, df=2, P=0.465) and alleles (χ2=0.17, df=1, P=0.683) between two groups. In comparison of 5-HTTLPR genotype(χ2=6.06, df=2, P=0.048) and L allele carrier(χ2=4.02, df=1, P =0.045) frequency, difference of trend level were observed but it was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. The MDR analysis also did not find any gene-gene interaction. Patients with TD were more likely to be older in age and less likely to be paranoid subtype. The logistic regression analysis showed L allele carrier of 5-HTTLPR(wald=4.542, Exp(B)=0.515, P =0.033), paranoid subtype(wald=4.992, Exp(B)=0.526, P=0.025) and age(wald=6.008, Exp(B)=1.051, P =0.014) are possible risk factor for TD.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the HTR2A -1438A/G and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may not contribute significantly to the risk of antipsychotics induced TD. However, when considering the result of logistic regression analysis and the limitations of ethninc characteristics of rare L allele frequency of 5-HTTLPR in Koreans, we cannot completely exclude the possibility of association with 5-HTTLPR and TD