연금제도 개혁의 국가간 횡단면적 비교분석 -“보편적” 제도 유형 탐색- = An Inter-Continental Cross-Sectional Study of Pension Reforms in an Institutional Point of View

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Pension reforms have become a critical policy issue across the world. This study analyzes world 194 countries` directions of pension reforms in an institutional point of view, conducts an inter-continental comparative analysis, and explores a set of commonalities that can be used in the development of a pension reform theory. Data for analysis were collected from the International Social Security Association (ISSA) data basis. Individual countries` websites and their pension profiles listed in various literatures also were used to confirm and revise the data collected from ISSA. The specifications of pension reforms in the inter-continental perspectives were varied, but some institutional commonalities being used for the development of a pension reform theory also could be identified. First, the thought of a shared responsibility was in common in pension reforms. Traditionally, the primary responsibility of pension programs belonged to the states, but the responsibility tends to be shared with states, employers, and employees themselves, by being utilized a multi pillar pension system as a model of pension reforms Second, the number of pillar was not very important issue in the transform of a single pillar to a multi pillar pension system. Various combinations of two pillars, three pillars, and four pillars were found in individual countries` pension reforms. Third, the participation formulas such as mandatory or voluntary were not that important issue in the establishment of the second pillar and the third pillar. The second pillar is usually considered as a form of mandatory participation, and the third as a form of voluntary participation, but in reality, many second pillars have been implemented in a voluntary form, and many third pillar in a mandatory form.

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