19세기 말 내한 선교사 가정의 가사 노동 연구 : 전근대적 분업과 근대적 임노동의 교차 = A Study on Domestic Labor in Missionary Households in Korea during the Late 19th Century: the Intersection of Pre-modern Division of Labor and Modern Wage Labor

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study conceptualizes domestic labor in late nineteenth-century missionary households in Korea as a transitional labor regime situated at the intersection of pre-modern customs and emerging modern labor contracts. Drawing on missionary records, including those of Eugene Bell, it demonstrates that missionary households operated through a multi-person, mixed-gender labor structure in which male cooks occupied the highest positions in both status and wages-an arrangement that contrasts sharply with the later, female-exclusive sikmo (housemaid) system.
Although servants were formally employed under wage-based contracts, they continued to embody pre-modern role perceptions, including deferential loyalty to employers and the customary practice of taking perquisites. These domestic workers thus constituted a distinctive transitional group positioned between the unpaid labor of the nobi system and the institutionalized sikmo labor of the 1920s, revealing the layered and ambivalent labor relations that emerged at the intersection of empire, colonial governance, and everyday household practice.