자가소유 사회의 한계―2010년 이후 영국의 자산기반 주택 정책 = A Limit to the Home Ownership Society: An Analysis of Asset-Based Welfare Housing Policies in the UK since 2010

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

After World War II, the UK government actively supplied social housing, and as a result, social housing became a common tenure, accounting for 31% of the total housing stock in England as of the late 1970s. However, since Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister of the UK in 1979, the government support and investment for social housing began to decline. The share of social housing in England has now decreased to 16.7%. These changes have accelerated since the government led by the Conservative Party came to power in 2010. The government aimed to expand housing policies not only for the low-income population but also for the middle class. Various policies have been introduced to promote home ownership, replacing social housing-oriented housing policies. In this process, new types of housing, such as shared equity and shared ownership homes, have been introduced. These housings are neither traditionally considered owner-occupation nor rental ones. Instead, they give buyers an illusion of home ownership as a political project by the Conservative Party. This paper examines the characteristics of these housings and analyses the process by which these policies force people to the ‘edge of home ownership’. Finally, it discusses the limitations of this political project of home ownership.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

제2차 세계대전 이후 영국은 정부 주도로 사회주택을 적극적으로 공급한 결과 1970년대 후반 기준 사회주택이 전체 주택 재고의 31%에 달했을 정도로 일반적인 주거형태로 자리 잡게 되었다. 그러나 대처 정부 집권 이후 사회주택에 대한 투자와 지원이 감소하기 시작하여 현재 사회주택의 비중은 16.7%까지 감소한 상황이다. 이러한 변화는 2010년 보수당 집권 이후 가속화되고 있는데, 영국 정부는 저소득층뿐만 아니라 중산층을 대상으로 주택 정책을 확대할 것을 주장하였으며, 기존의 사회주택 공급 중심의 주택 정책을 대신하여 주택의 자가보유를 촉진하기 위한 다양한 정책을 도입하였다. 이 과정에서 지분대출(shared equity) 주택, 지분공유(shared ownership) 주택 등 자가소유와 임대의 경계에 있는 새로운 형태의 주택이 적극적으로 도입되었는데, 이는 실제로 주택을 완전히 소유하지 못하면서 자가소유라는 인식을 주게 하는 보수당의 정치 프로젝트에 가깝다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. 이 글은 이러한 정책의 내용과 특징을 검토함으로써 이러한 정책이 국민을 ‘경계적’ 자가소유자로 편입시키는 과정을 분석하고, 그 한계에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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