전시체제 하 일제의 물자수급 및 통제정책 : 경성의 신탄(薪炭)수급 통제를 중심으로 The case of charcoal and firewood = The policy regarding the flow of daily commodities under Japanese authorities during the second Sino-Japanese war(1937-1945)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this article I will survey how the Japanese Empire resolved problems associated with the supply and demand of everyday commodities by adjusting its control economy from 1937 to 1945, the period of the second Sino-Japanese war. Specifically, I will discuss how the Choson Government-General cultivated "Japanese Spirit" among Koreans to make them accept supply shortages caused by the war.
With the start of the war, the Japanese started showing interest in charcoal production, needed for the production of military goods. The Choson Government -General set price controls since the beginning of the war on charcoal to make supply more eflicient. However, these controls actually decreased the supply of charcoal and resulted in an oversupply of firewood, a substitute for charcoal. To solve this, the Japanese tried to systematically limit Koreans' wood-cutting hahits to reduce the supply of firewood. Since firewood was crucial to Koreans for heating, this limit seriously disrupted their lifestyle.
The colonial authorities tried to resolve the problem via a distribution system which supplied a minimum amount of firewood to Koreans. This, however. forced merchants and producers out of business and evoked severe opposition form various social strata. In response, the Government-General tried to convince Koreans that tensions within the control economy resulted from consumers and merchants' insufficient cultivation of the "Japanese Spirit," which it defined as selfless devotion to the public interest and an attitude of thrift towards energy consumption similar to that held by the Japanese people.
The colonial authorities fabricated the “Japanese Spirit" to manage the control economy in Korea and regulate the daily lives of Koreans. While the firewood policy was being carried out, Japanese culture became a norm to be followed by Koreans. How well Koreans adopted this norm became a basis for how much discrimination they suffered at the hands of their colonial masters.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 머리말
• 1. 전시체제기 신탄(薪炭)수급난의 발생과 그 배경
• 2. 가격 및 배급통제를 통한 신탄수급 대책
• 1) 가격통제안을 통한 일제의 신탄대책과 그 한계
• 2) 신탄배급망 통제책의 성립 및 그 문제점
• 3. 신탄문제 해결을 위한 '정신무장' 논의의 대두와 '일본정신'론
• 맺음말