강화민감성이 도박 행동에 미치는 영향 : 도박의 시작과 지속을 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 개정된 강화민감성 이론을 적용하여 행동접근 체계(Behavioral Approach System: BAS), 행동억제 체계(Behavioral Inhibition System: BIS), 투쟁-도피-동결 체계(Fight-Flight-Freeze System: FFFS)가 도박의 시작과 지속에 주는 영향을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 연구 1에서는 대학생 764명을 대상으로 강화민감성 측정도구인 SPSRQ(Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire)를 사용하여 개정 이전의 BIS를 측정하는 SP 척도가 개정된 FFFS와 BIS를 반영함을 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 확인하였다. BAS를 측정하는 SR 척도와 K-GABS(Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale)의 상관 분석 결과 BAS가 높은 참가자들이 도박친화성이 높았으며, 도박 경험 정도에 따른 집단 간 차이 검증 결과 도박을 하는 집단이 하지 않는 집단보다 BAS가 높았다. 연구 2에서는 BAS 상위 10%에 해당하는 참가자 중 57명을 대상으로 수정한 Iowa 도박과제를 실시하여 총 수행횟수, 반응시간, 유리한 패와 불리한 패 선택비율의 차이, 최종 이익금액에 대한 FFFS와 BIS의 회귀모형을 검증한 결과, 최종 이익금액에서 FFFS와 BIS가 유의미한 예측변인으로 확인되어 14.1%의 설명력을 보였다. 결과들을 종합해 보면, 보상민감성을 반영하는 BAS가 높을수록 도박에 대해 친화적인 태도를 보이고 도박 경험을 더 하므로 BAS는 도박의 시작에 영향을 준다. 갈등상황에서 위협자극으로부터 멀어지려는 FFFS는 낮고 위협자극에 접근하여 탐색하려는 BIS는 높을수록 도박과제에서 더 많은 돈을 잃었으므로, 처벌에 민감하지만 방어적 방향 면에서는 서로 상반되는 FFFS와 BIS가 도박과제의 수행에 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 개정된 강화민감성 이론의 세 가지 요인인 BAS, BIS, FFFS가 도박의 시작과 지속에 서로 다른 영향을 준다는 것이 확인되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present studies were designed to investigate effects of BAS(Behavioral Approach System or Behavioral Activation System), BIS(Behavioral Inhibition System), and FFFS(Fight-Flight-Freeze System) in the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory(rRST) on the development and maintenance of gambling behaviors. Study 1 identified two factors of rRST in SP scale of SPSRQ(Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire) which measures original BIS, and examined the relationship between BAS and beginning of gambling with 764 undergraduates. FFFS and BIS were revealed in SP by exploratory factor analysis, BAS measured by SR was positively correlated with K-GABS(Korean Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale) which reflects the affinity to gambling, and there was a significant difference in BAS between the students who gambled more than once in a month and the others who didn't gamble. Study 2 examined the relationship of FFFS and BIS to the performance of the modified Iowa Gambling Task(IGT) in a sample of 57 participants with high BAS scores from study 1. Four separate multiple regression analyses were calculated with FFFS and BIS as predictors and four measures of the modified IGT as dependent variables. FFFS and BIS explained a significant amount of variance for the gain money, however failed to reach significance as predictors of the total counts, reaction time, and net-ratio (good deck-bad deck) on the modified IGT. Results suggest that high BAS can influence to start gambling, and low FFFS and high BIS can influence to lose more money while gambling. Implications and limitations of the current studies for future research were discussed.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• I. 서론 ··························································1
• 1. 연구 목적 ·················································1
• 2. 이론적 배경 ···············································5
• (1) 도박과 병적 도박 ······································5
• (2) 도박에 영향을 미치는 요인들 ·························9
• (3) 도박과 관련된 성격 특성 ······························13
• (4) 도박과 강화민감성 이론 ·······························18
• 3. 문제 제기 및 가설 ·······································22
• II. 연구 1 ························································26
• 1. 방법 ·······················································28
• (1) 참가자 ·················································28
• (2) 측정도구 ···············································28
• (3) 절차 및 자료분석 ······································29
• 2. 결과 및 논의 ··············································30
• III. 연구 2 ························································35
• 1. 방법 ·······················································36
• (1) 참가자 ·················································36
• (2) 실험 과제 ··············································36
• (3) 절차 및 자료분석 ······································37
• 2. 결과 및 논의 ··············································38
• IV. 종합 논의 ····················································44
• 참고문헌 ···························································49
• 영문초록 ···························································57
• 부록 ·······························································59