Sports injuries :their preverntion and treatment : Lars Peterson, Per Renstr�m

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION = 10
• SPORTS AND INJURIES = 12
• IMPORTANT FACTORS IN RELATION TO SPORTS INJURIES = 13
• 1. The athlete's qualifications = 13
• 2. Sports equipment and facilities = 14
• 3. Characteristics of sports = 14
• SPORTS MEDICINE - A DEFINITION = 15
• Preparation and training = 15
• Prevention of injury and illness = 16
• Diagnosis and treatment of injury and illness = 17
• Rehabilitation and return to sporting activities = 17
• 1 General Principles of Sports Injuries = 18
• INJURIES DUE TO ACCIDENTS = 18
• Skeletal injuries = 18
• Joint ligament injuries = 22
• Dislocations = 24
• Muscle injuries-strains = 25
• Tendon injuries = 37
• OVERUSE SYNDROMES = 41
• Inflammation = 42
• Inflammation of muscle-tendon attachments to bone = 43
• Muscle inflammation = 44
• Inflammation of the tendon and its sheath = 44
• Inflammation of the periosteum = 45
• Injuries affecting bursae = 47
• Diseases of joints = 49
• Rheumatoid arthritis = 51
• Other diseases of the joints = 52
• Stress fractures of the skeleton = 53
• MISCELLANEOUS = 56
• Open wounds = 56
• Blisters = 59
• Friction burns = 60
• Muscle cramp = 61
• Muscle soreness after training = 62
• Stitch = 63
• 2 Acute Treatment of Athletes at the scene of the injury = 64
• Treatment of soft tissue injuries = 64
• Immediate treatment at the scene of injury = 65
• Treatment of a soft tissue injury during the first 24-48 hours = 69
• A medical opinion should be sought urgently in any of the following circumstances = 70
• Injured athletes should seek a medical opinion within 24-48 hours in cases of = 70
• 3 The Biomechanics of Sports Injuries / Olle Bunketorp = 71
• LOAD = 71
• Physiological load and adaptability = 71
• Overloading and injuries = 71
• FORCE AND MOTION = 72
• Gravity, inertia and uniform motion = 72
• Force, mass and acceleration = 73
• Action and reaction = 74
• Friction = 74
• Equilibrium = 76
• External and internal forces = 79
• MECHANICAL EFFORT-ENERGY = 79
• LOAD-STRENGTH = 80
• Traction = 80
• Compression = 81
• Bending = 82
• Twisting = 82
• Shear stress = 83
• Repeatead load-fatigue = 84
• 4 Preventive Measures = 86
• TRAINING AND PREPARATION FOR COMPETITION = 86
• Training in general = 86
• Basic physical fitness = 87
• The warm-up period = 87
• PREVENTIVE AND REHABILITATIVE TRAINING = 89
• The effect of training of the musculo-skeletal system = 89
• Training of the musculo-skeletal system = 90
• Principles of training after injury = 97
• Biomechanical considerations = 98
• Conditioning after injury = 102
• Weight training = 102
• Technique and co-ordination = 104
• PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION = 105
• The relationship between athlete and coach = 105
• Mental tension = 107
• KIT = 110
• EQUIPMENT AND RULES = 124
• HYGIENE AND PERSONAL CARE = 124
• Hygiene in training and competition abroad = 126
• GENERAL RISK FACTORS = 128
• Heart and lung function = 128
• Infections = 130
• Anaemia and iron deficiency = 131
• Menstruation = 133
• Pregnancy = 134
• Doping = 135
• Alcohol = 137
• Tobacco = 138
• Overweight and obesity = 142
• OTHER POINTS = 144
• Sweating and fluid supply = 144
• Nutrition = 146
• 5 Methods of Treatment = 150
• Rest and relaxation = 150
• Cooling = 152
• Heat treatment = 153
• Bandages = 156
• Taping = 158
• Massage = 164
• Movement therapy and physiotherapy = 165
• Medicines = 167
• Surgery = 170
• Acupuncture = 170
• Transcutancous nerve stimulation = 171
• The medical bag = 171
• 6 Sports Injuries by Specific Area = 174
• INJURIES IN THE SHOULDER REGION = 174
• Fractures of the clavicle = 175
• Fractures of the scapula = 176
• Fractures of the upper part of the humerus = 176
• Dislocation of the shoulder joint = 177
• Separation of the joint between clavicle and acromion prosess of the scapula = 179
• Separation of the joint between clavicle and sternum = 181
• Unstable shoulder joint = 182
• Glenoid labrum tear = 183
• Throwing injuries / Mark Pitman = 183
• Rupture of the supraspinatus tendon = 186
• Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon or its attachment = 189
• Subacromial bursitis = 190
• Impingement syndrome = 192
• Inflammation of the subscapularis tendon = 194
• Dislocation of the long tendon of the biceps muscle = 196
• Calcific tendinitis = 196
• Rupture and inflammation of the deltoid muscle = 197
• Nerve injuries in the shoulder region = 198
• Rupture of the pectoral muscle = 200
• Inflammation of the insertion of the pectoral muscle = 202
• INJURIES OF THE UPPER ARM = 202
• Rupture of the long tendon of the biceps muscle = 202
• Rupture of the tendon of the triceps muscle = 205
• Heterotopic bone formation = 206
• ELBOW INJURIES = 207
• 'Tennis Elbow' = 207
• 'Thrower's elbow' or 'golfer's elbow' = 212
• 'Thrower's elbow' in growing adolescents = 212
• Entrapment of the radial, ulnar and median nerves = 213
• Bursitis = 215
• Dislocation = 216
• Loose bodies in the elbow joint = 217
• Fracture of the lower end of the humerus = 218
• Fracture of the head of the radius = 219
• Fracture of the tip of the elbow = 220
• FOREARM INJURIES = 221
• Fractures of the forearm = 222
• WRIST INJURIES = 223
• Fractures of the wrist = 223
• Fractures of the scaphoid = 224
• Weakness in the wrist = 224
• Pressure on the median nerve = 226
• Pressure on the ulnar nerve = 227
• Dislocations around the wrist = 227
• Separation between the scaphoid and lunate = 229
• Malacia of the lunate = 229
• Fracture of the hook of the hamate = 229
• HAND AND FINGER INJURIES = 230
• Fractures of the metacarpal bones = 230
• Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb = 231
• Rupture of the attachment of the long extensor tendon of the finger = 233
• Ligament injuries to fingers = 234
• Dislocation of finger joints = 234
• Fractures of fingers = 235
• Infections = 236
• BACK INJURIES = 237
• Injuries to the neck = 239
• Injuries to the thoracic lumbar spine = 243
• HIP JOINT AND GROIN INJURIES = 259
• Pain in the hip joint and the groin = 259
• Inflammation of the adductor muscles = 261
• Rupture of the adductor muscles = 263
• Inflammation of the ilio-psoas muscle = 265
• Rupture of the ilio-psoas muscle = 266
• Inflammation of the upper part of the rectus femoris muscle = 266
• Rupture of the upper part of the rectus femoris muscle = 268
• Inflammation and ruptures of the abdominal muscles = 270
• Other causes of pain in the hip joint and the groin = 272
• Hip complaints in children and adolescents = 279
• THIGH INJURIES = 281
• Rupture of the thigh muscles = 281
• Heterotopic bone formation, Myositis ossificans, 'charley-horse' = 283
• KNEE INJURIES = 283
• Ligament injuries in the knee joint = 286
• Meniscus injuries = 296
• Articular cartilage surface injuries = 301
• Osteochondritis dissecans = 301
• Patello-femoral pain syndrome = 303
• Dislocation of the patella = 305
• Local inflammation of tendon and muscle attachments around the patclla = 307
• Rupture of the lower part of the quadriceps femoris muscle = 308
• Injury to the patella tendon = 308
• Osgood-Schlatter's discase = 309
• Bursitis around the knee joint = 311
• Distended bursa behind the knee, Baker's cyst, popliteal cyst = 312
• 'Runner's knee' = 313
• Inflammation of the popliteal tendon = 314
• Injury to the biceps femoris muscle = 315
• Fractures of the patella = 316
• INJURIES OF THE LOWER LEG = 317
• Fractures = 317
• Pain in the lower leg = 319
• Rupture of the Achilles tendon = 331
• Achilles tendinitis = 335
• Achilles bursitis = 336
• Apophysitis calcanei = 338
• Tibialis anterior tendinitis = 339
• ANKLE JOINT INJURIES = 340
• Fractures of the ankle joint = 340
• Ligament injuries of the ankle joint = 341
• Osteochondritis dissecans of the talus = 347
• FOOT INJURIES = 353
• Anatomy and function = 353
• Causes of injuries = 355
• Foot injuries due to overuse = 360
• Fractures = 364
• Metatarsal problems = 365
• Toe problems = 368
• Toe-nail problems = 373
• Skin conditions which affect the feet = 374
• HEAD INJURIES AND UNCONSCIOUSNESS = 376
• Unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head = 376
• Unconsciousness without head injury = 380
• FACIAL INJURIES = 380
• Open wounds = 380
• Fractures of the maxillary bone = 381
• Fractures of the zygomatic bone = 381
• Fractures of the mandibular bone = 381
• NOSE INJURIES = 382
• Nosebleeds = 382
• Fractures of the nasal bones = 382
• EAR INJURIES = 382
• Injuries to the outer ear = 382
• Injuries to the middle ear and the inner ear = 383
• EYE INJURIES = 383
• Corneal abrasions = 383
• Bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye = 383
• Inflammation and bleeding in the conjunctiva = 384
• Detached retina = 384
• INJURIES TO THE MOUTH = 383
• Tongue injuries = 384
• Dental injuries = 384
• NECK INJURIES = 385
• Injuries to the laynx = 385
• Wounds to the neck region = 385
• CHEST INJURIES = 386
• Fractured rib = 386
• ABDOMINAL INJURIES = 387
• Rupture of the spleen = 387
• Rupture of the liver = 389
• Kidney injuries = 389
• Injuries to the lower abdomen = 389
• Acute winding = 389
• 7 Injuries during Specialized Activities = 390
• INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH OUTDOOR LIFE = 390
• Blisters and wounds = 391
• Insect bites or stings = 391
• 'Sprains' = 391
• Injuries due to overuse = 392
• Fractures = 392
• General rules for care and transport of injured people = 392
• Frost-bite = 393
• Sport in hot climates = 395
• Risks at high altitudes = 397
• Skin injuries from solar radiation = 397
• Sun-or snow-blindness = 397
• INJURIES IN SPORTS FOR THE HANDICAPPED = 398
• Pressure sores = 399
• Blisters and sores = 400
• Contusion injuries = 400
• Fractures = 401
• Injuries to muscles, tendons and ligaments = 401
• Back and shoulder problems = 401
• Urinary tract infection = 402
• General medical complaints = 402
• Complications = 403
• 8 Risks to Children and Adolescents = 405
• RISKS OF INJURY TO CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS = 405
• Effects of the development of the musculo-skeletal system = 406
• Injuries due to trauma = 407
• Injuries due to overuse = 411
• EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING ON INTERNAL ORGANS = 413
• Effects on heart and lungs = 413
• Effects on kidneys = 414
• Effects on the intestines = 414
• TRAINING = 414
• Training in different age groups = 416
• General comments = 417
• 9 Training of Different Parts of the Body / Eva Fax$$\acute e$$n = 419
• THE SHOULDER JOINT = 419
• THE ELBOW JOINT = 424
• Exercises in cases of 'tennis elbow' = 425
• WRIST AND HAND = 426
• THE BACK = 429
• THE NECK = 433
• THE HIP JOINT = 434
• THE GROIN = 440
• THE KNEE JOINT = 444
• Chondromalacia patellae = 451
• REHABILITATION AFTER SURGERY = 452
• THE ANKLE JOINT = 454
• BLANCE AND CO-ORDINATION EXERCISES = 460
• BIBLIOGRAPHY = 463
• GLOSSARY = 466
• INDEX = 478