Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) restricts long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Microarray analysis was previously performed to select miRNAs upregulated in the biopsy sample from a heart transplant patient with CAV, compa...
Background: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) restricts long-term survival after cardiac transplantation. Microarray analysis was previously performed to select miRNAs upregulated in the biopsy sample from a heart transplant patient with CAV, compared with that of a healthy heart transplant patient. Among them, miR-142-5p was upregulated in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and an established HUVEC line, when allogeneic immune responses were elicited by co-culture with unrelated blood mononuclear cells, while miR-34c-5p was upregulated in response to hypoxia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the roles of the miRNAs involved in allogeneic immune responses and hypoxia in vitro and in vivo.
Methods: HUVEC and blood cells were co-cultured to induce allogeneic immune response. Lentiviral infection and miRNA inhibitor transfection to HUVEC were performed to investigate the effect of overexpression and knock-down. Mice were sacrificed 7 days after skin graft and 1 or 3 days after hind limb ischemia. Real-time qPCR was used to evaluate the expression of miRNA and mRNA. The expression of B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), MHC class I (HLA-ABC), and II (HLA-DR) on the surface of HUVEC and blood cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Protein expression in the skin graft and the hind limb tissue were determined by western blotting.
Results: I found that miR-142-5p was upregulated by allogeneic immune responses using HUVEC coculture with blood cells and a mice skin graft model. The results of flow cytometry show that MHC class I (HLA-ABC) and MHC class II (HLA-DR) positive cell populations and mean fluorescence intensities were increased by allogeneic immune response. In addition, the expression MHC class II gene (H2-Aa) was also upregulated in the allogeneic skin graft. The 3’ UTR of ZEB1 had a 3 binding sites to miR-142-5p and ZEB1 mRNA and protein level were downregulated by allogeneic immune response in vitro and in vivo. In the miR-142-5p-overexpressed HUVEC, ZEB1 was downregulated, whereas ZEB1 was upregulated in the miR-142-5p-inhibited HUVEC. Furthermore, miR-34c-5p was upregulated in HUVEC by dysoxia and a hind limb ischemia model. The 3’ UTR of c-MYC had a 3 binding sites to miR-34c-5p and c-MYC protein level was downregulated in miR-34c-5p-overexpressing HUVEC.
Conclusion: I found that miR-142-5p and miR-34c-5p were upregulated by allogeneic immune responses and by hypoxia respectively, in vitro and in vivo. ZEB1 was downregulated by miR-142-5p, while c-Myc was downregulated by miR-34c-5p. These results suggest that the cardiac transplant rejection may be exacerbated by miR-142-5p and miR-34c-5p upregulation and ZEB1 and c-Myc downregulation, respectively.