시베리아 횡단철도 = 건설배경과 과정 및 개발정책을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The main purpose of this article is to investigate historical background and strategic importance of the Trans-Siberian Railroad (hereafter TSR) which had become the center of the industrial policy and development in Siberia and Northeast Asia under Tsarist Russia(hereafter Russia). Since the mid-16th century Russia's territorial expansionist policies toward Siberia and Northeast Asia were caused by military expansion and pursuit of economic profits. In the process of these aims, Russia brought up the necessity transport by railroad in order to revitalize development policies in this region. In 1891 Nicholas II and Secretary of the Treasury, Witte embarked on construction the TSR on the basis of the foreign loan from France. The TSR became the driving force of Russians' movement, settlement, development and military expansion. In addition, in 1903 Russia raised the efficiency of economy and military through bypass route, East-China Railroad of North Manchuria. However, after Russia was defeated by Russo-Japanese War(1904-1905) and was lost the influence in Manchuria, it took decisive action to complete the TSR which passed throughout Russian territory under its financial difficulties. On the other hand, the TSR was contributed the center of the Russian transport and the mining and manufacturing industries. In particular, it was played an important role of the industrialization of Siberia and Northeast Asia in terms of population movements and freight transports.