해방 후 공창제 폐지과정 연구 = The study on the abolition process of licensed prostitution in Korea after liberation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine in a concrete way the abolition process of licensed prostitution in Korea forced by the enactment and enforcement of the abolition law and the role of the law for the prostitutes.
After liberation, prostitutes were economically confined by the debts outstanding to the owner and were treated as tainted group based on socially pervading purism.
In order to improve the state of the depersonalization, groups for women's rights took a movement for abolition of licensed prostitution, which had existed from Japanese colonial period. Finally in 1946 U.S. military government enacted and proclaimed Rule 70 (rule prohibiting trade of women) which enforces the abolition of human trade and outstanding debts.
But while Rule 70 was perceived by women's rights group as a mean to abrogate the licensed prostitution, U.S. military government under the good name of voluntary prostitution, induced secret prostitution and came to allow racketeers to do prostitution business. As matter of Fact, Rule 70 was not intended to help prostitutes find jobs and become independent free of debts.
Therefore, all social standings came to demand immediate abrogation of prostitution both licensed and private, and the economic and social measures for prostitutes. They also formed Alliance for Saving Prostitutes. U.S. military government established the department for women's rights within the central governmental organization. The department, however, had its limit from the beginning because it had been organized excluding female leftist groups and it limited its activity to demanding the enactment of abolition law of licensed prostitution.
Suth Choseon interim congress enacted the law abrogating the licensed prostitution, in which buying and selling prostitution are prohibited. As a result, the prostitution saw its end even if it was perfunctorily. In the process of enactment, the realistic meaning that was derived through the argument concerning the penalty terms and effective date, was not for abolition of prostitution and prostitutes' independence. Administration under the law with these problems couldn't provide the solution that helps prostitutes get away from red-light district and live independently.
U.S. military government evicted prostitutes from the quarters enforcing the abolition law of licensed prostitution. Though significant number of former prostitutes were demanding measures for financial assistance and social protection, measures taken by government authority for venereal disease, employment and enlightenment was not effective at all.
Due to lack of employment solution, measures for venereal diseases was not operated as a substantial medical service foe getting prostitutes out of red-light district. In the meantime, by issuing business license to the person who already doing prostitution business based on result of medical checkup for venereal disease, it resulted in providing legal means that guarantees the secret prostitution after abolition of licensed prostitution.
With regards to employment, the licensed prostitutes were introduced to the entertainment spots defined illegal by the rule prohibiting entertainment business at the time. Therefore, the policies made by authorities were nothing but permitting secret prostitution and prostitutes merely changed their names from licensed to secret.
In conclusion, the abolition process of licensed prostitution in Korea after liberation started as means to protect human rights by abrogating prostitution allowed in Japanese colonial period and helping prostitutes escape and live independently, but realistically it was not effective. Also government authorities including the department for women's rights failed to establish and enforce the socio-economic measures and protection plan for prostitutes and further forced them to become criminals by making ill-fated policies.
The abolition process after 1945 liberation indeed caused new phenomenon of surg of secret prostitution and number of prostitutes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 해방후 공창의 실태
• 3. 공창제 폐지운동의 전개
• 4. 공창제 폐지법의 제정과정
• 5. 공창제 폐지정책과 공창들의 저항
• 6. 맺음말