Festival Stakeholders’ Perceptions and Roles on the Cultural Tourism Festival - Focused on the NZIAF -

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is about how festival stakeholders perceive the New Zealand International Arts Festival(NZIAF) and compared to Korean festival.
Especially, the author analyzed perceptions of festival product groups (included the festival committee, central government, local government and local businesses)and mediate groups (the NZ press and local NGOs) that involved in festival policy and strategy by means of semiotic method. Also, a role relationship model between festival stakeholders based on the role relationship of Greimas’s Actant model was formed by text analysis. Newspapers articles from January 2008 to July 2010 were analyzed, most NZIAF product groups and mediate groups granted cultural and economic meanings. Namely, both subject groups of the NZIAF granted meaningful value towards local cultural industrialization through the NZIAF. This paper is available to utilize for basic research data and for efficient forms of governance, cooperation and to facilitate networks between festival organizations and stakeholders.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이훈, "축제체험의 개념적 구성모형" 한국관광학회 30 (30): 29-46, 2006

2 오정근, "그레마스의 행위소 모형을 이용한祝祭의 利害集團間 意味構造 關係 分析 - 안동국제탈춤페스티벌을 대상으로 -" 한국관광학회 33 (33): 139-159, 2009

3 김지원, "그레마스 기호학의 무용분석적 적용에 관한 논의- 살풀이춤을 중심으로-" 대한무용학회 49 (49): 93-112, 2006

4 MacCannell, D., "‘Introduction’ to special issue of Annals of Tourism Research" 22 (22): 735-762, 1989

5 "http://www.newzealand.com"

6 "http://festival.co.nz"

7 Rechards, G., "eventful cities: cultural management and urban revitalisation" Elsevier 2010

8 Smith, S., "Where to Draw the Line: A Geography of Popular Festival. In The Urban Context" Berg 141-164, 1995

9 Van Koningsbruggen, P., "Trinidad Canival: A Quest for National Identity" Macmilan Education Ltd 1997

10 Hall, C. M., "Tourism in New Zealand: an introduction" Oxford University Press 2001

11 Finn, M., "Tourism & Leisure research Methods: Data collection, analysis and interpretation" Pearson education, Essex 2000

12 Shin, Y. S., "Theoretical analysis about participation problem of local society which is expressing in local festival" 56 : 495-504, 2004

13 Lee, I., "The success factors of using events in destination branding: A case study of Woodford Folk Festival" 2009

14 Pugh, C., "The strategic use of events within local government: a study of London Borough Councils" 9 (9): 61-71, 2004

15 Chhabra, D., "The significance of festivals to rural economies : estimating the economic impacts of Scottish highland games in North Carolina" 41 (41): 421-427, 2003

16 Grappi, S., "The role of social identification and hedonism in affecting tourist re-patronizing behaviours : The case of an Italian festival" 32 : 1128-1140, 2011

17 Arcodia, C., "The role of regional food festivals for destination branding: A critical review of the literature" 2008

18 Crespi-Vallbona, M., "The meaning of cultural festivals" 13 (13): 103-122, 2007

19 Edwards, J., "The impacts of mega-events: the case of EXPO’'98-Lisbon, In Festivals and tourism: Marketing, management and evaluation" Business Education Publishers 195-215, 2004

20 Oh, J. K., "The Recognition of Stakeholders on the Meaning of Local Festivals : Focused on Semiogical Text Analysis" 20 (20): 87-116, 2008

21 Long, Patrick T., "The Economic Impacts of Rural Festivals And Special Events: Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Expenditures" 28 (28): 10-14, 1990

22 Quinn, B., "Symbols, practices and myth-making: cultural perspectives on the Wexford Festival Opera" 5 (5): 329-349, 2003

23 Greimas, A. J., "Structural Semantics" Lincoln Univ. of Nebraska Press 1966

24 Freeman, R. E., "Strategic management: a stakeholder approach" Pitman 1984

25 Small, K., "Social dimensions of community festivals: an application of factor analysis in the development of the social impact perception (SIP) scale" 11 (11): 45-55, 2008

26 Ashworth, G. J., "Selling the city: Marketing approaches in public sector urban planning" Belhaven Press 1990

27 Kearns, G., "Selling Places: the city as cultural capital, past and present" Pergamon Press 1993

28 Namgung, K., "Research Methods for Public Administration" bobmunsa 2006

29 Robertson, M., "Progressing socio-cultural impact evaluation for festivals" 1 (1): 156-169, 2009

30 Roche, M., "Mega-Events and Modernity: Olympics and Expos in the Growth of Global Culture" Routledge 2000

31 Wood, E. H., "Measuring the social impacts of local authority events: a pilot study for a civic pride scale" 11 : 165-179, 2006

32 Wood, E. H., "Measuring cultural values : the case of residents’' attitudes at the Saltaire Festival" 12 (12): 137-145, 2006

33 Sautter, E, "Managing Stakeholders: A Tourism Planning Model" 26 (26): 312-328, 1999

34 Gelan, A., "Local economic impacts: the British Open" 30 (30): 406-425, 2003

35 Wunenburger, J. J., "La Fêete, le jeu et sacrée" Universitaires 1977

36 Yaghmour, S., "Inter-organizational collaboration characteristics and outcome: a case study of the Jeddar Festival" 1 (1): 115-130, 2009

37 Derrett, R., "Festivals and regional destinations : how festivals demonstrate a sense of community and place" 13 (13): 35-53, 2003

38 Arcodia, C., "Festival attendance and the development of social capital" 8 (8): 1-18, 2007

39 Yeoman, I., "Festival and Events Management: An International Arts and Culture Perspective" Butterworth-Heinemann 2004

40 Getz, D., "Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research" 29 : 403-428, 2008

41 Getz, D., "Event studies: Theory, research and policy for planned events" Elsevier 2007

42 Tohmo, T., "Economic impacts of cultural events on local economies : an input-output analysis of the Kaustinen Folk Music Festival" 11 (11): 431-451, 2005

43 Kim, Y. S., "Culture and Semiotic – ideology and practice" Inha University Press 2004

44 Jeong, S., "Cultural Politics: Class, Gender, Race and the Postmordern World" Blackwell 2004

45 Lee, C., "Critical reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event : the case of 2002 FIFA World Cup" 26 (26): 595-603, 2005

46 Kim, S. S., "Convention industry in South Korea: an economic impact analysis" 24 (24): 533-541, 2003

47 Kim, S. S., "Change of images of South Korea among foreign tourists after the 2002 FIFA World Cup" 26 (26): 233-247, 2005

48 Turner, V., "Carnival in Rio : Dionysian Drama in an Industrializing Society, In The Celebration of Society: Perspectives on Contemporary Cultural Performance" Bowling Green Univ 103-124, 1983

49 Jago, L., "Building events into destination branding : insights from experts" 8 (8): 3-14, 2003

50 Lee, I., "Benefits of visiting a multicultural festival: The case of South Korea" 33 : 334-340, 2012

51 Moscardo, G., "Analysing the role of festivals and events in regional development" 11 (11): 23-32, 2008

52 Poulsen, H., "Actant model of an extraction plant" 64 (64): 225-240, 1999

53 Day, R., "A review of the current state of negotiated order theory: An appreciation and a critique" 18 (18): 126-142, 1977

54 Lee, J. J., "A Position Marketing Strategy through Cultural Tourism Festival Programme Discrimination : Focusing on Hampyeong Butterfly Festival" 3 (3): 161-188, 2003