기(氣)로 충만한 지하세계: 마왕퇴(馬王堆) 칠관(漆棺)을 다시 본다 - 이른바 곤륜산도상에 대한 질의(質疑)와 내관(內棺)의 성격 탐색 = The Underground Full of Qi: New Perspectives on Mawangdui Coffins

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper discusses four lacquered coffins unearthed from Tomb 1 at Mawangdui(馬王堆) in Changsha City(長沙市), Hunan Province(湖南省). This tomb dates to the early western Han Dynasty. The paper specifically focuses on interpreting the iconography and exploring the characters of the third coffin and “the innermost coffin.” On the third coffin from among the lacquered coffins from Tomb 1 at Mawangdui is a design in the “form of three mountains.” This design is known as the Kunlun Mountain(昆侖山), arranged in a row of three, and the general theme of this coffin has thus been presumed to be “ascension of the Kunlun Mountain.” However, this design is not actually the Kunlun Mountain; in other words, it does not represent “mountains” in a physical sense, but it depicts the abstract concept “Qi(氣).” “Qi” in Chinese art is expressed in diverse ways. In the Han Dynasty, designs of floating clouds with long tails and great rhythmic quality were popular. However, before the Han Dynasty, Qi was more generally expressed in geometric forms. One such form is the lozenge design. This design was extremely popular in the Chu(楚) region, where the Mawangdui tombs are located. Unlike the third coffin, “the innermost coffin” of Tomb 1 at Mawangdui contains no drawings or paintings. However, the lozenge design was portrayed by adhering silk and bird feathers onto the coffin. Along with the lozenge design, bird feathers were used as a decorative technique to express Qi. In addition, Bi(璧) was placed on top of “the innermost coffin” to symbolize energy. With these designs and objects, “the innermost coffin” is transformed into a space full of Qi. The owner of the Tomb 1 at Mawangdui rises from the dead in the underground space filled with Qi, thus gaining eternal life.