實存主義와 不條理演劇 : Sartre와 Camus를 通해서 through Sartre and Camus = Existentialism and Theatre of the Absurd

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the facts that existentialism developed by Sartre is the foundation of the Theatre of the Absurd as well as the absurdity appeared first in The Myth of Sisyphus written by Camus. Sartre begins with the premise that there is no God; Consequently there are no external restraints on man and no meaning in the universe. Man, therefore, is free; he can do anything he likes, but because he existes he must do something. Sartre is able to build an ethical and social philosophy by pointing out that we do not live in this world alone. However free we may be from metaphsical restraints, our actions cannot be completely irresponsible because they have consequences for other people. Man is therefore both free and forced to act but he is also obligated to take the responsibility for his actions.
The Absurdists, in essence, accepted the pessimistic premises of existentialism and ignored its positive side. If there is no God, no order divine and natural, then life is meaningless. Camus likened the condition of man to that of Sisyphus, who was condemned to roll a huge rock to the top of a hill. Camus saw a kind of strange triumph in the fact that Sisyphus knew he had almost made it, that at least he had struggled. The Absurdists saw only the meaninglessness of the task.
What Camus has forced us to think is the very warrant for continued human existence and the possible resources of the human spirit in a universe that appears no longer to make sense.
Both Sartre and Camus, in various ways, involves questions of action and ethical responsibility. Philosophyically, though both posited a meaningless world, they also tried to find a rationale for a human action. Though they argued that there was neither a natural or a divine order in the universe, they still felt that man could create a human order. In fact, it is what the Theatre of the Absurd attempts to delineate as it is.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 實存主義
• 1. Sartre의 思想
• 2. Sartre의 文學
• Ⅲ. 不條理
• 1. Camus의 思想
• 2. Camus의 文學
• Ⅳ. 결론