일본에서의 물리학 ‘연구’의 태동과 성장, 1880～1920

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This review article aims to analyze the development of physics research in Japan from the early 1880s and to the late 1920s. Foreign scientists hired by Japanese government in the late nineteenth century started physics research. Japanese physicists, majority of whom were graduates of Tokyo University, soon followed the path of these foreign mentors. In the beginning Japanese researchers worked on the local subjects like seismology, weight and gravity. Then they moved to more general subjects: electricity, magnetism, metal physics, X-ray, etc. Two motto, ‘diversification and independence’ and ‘escape from the locality,’ indicates where the Japanese physicists directed in the early twentieth century. Experimental and practical rather than theoretical and basic subjects dominated Japanese physics during the period. In short, physics research became firmly established by the end of 1920s.