대진과 심대윤의 이욕관 문제 = Daejin and Sim Dae-yun`s Attitudes toward Li(理) and desire

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Daejin(1724~1777), the prominent leader of Chinese Hwan party in 18th century, and Sim Dae-yun(1806~1872), a great scholar on Chinese Classics of Korea in 19th Centuryare the most against neo-Confucian order system and try to overcome it. Daejin was against new-Confucianism with `以理殺人` and Sim Dae-yun criticizes that the neo-Confucian ideas, the ruling principles for six, seven hundreds years in Chosun dynasty, has bad effect on the common people. The common point between these two scholars is that they are against neo-Confucianism and try to overcome it. They criticize the ideological and subjective comment attitudes of exegetical studies and Song studies, assert objective research methods and also disapprove metaphysical absolute truth system and `理在氣先` and secure universality of `Li` and superity of `Qi(氣)`. They diagnose that the premodem coordinate structure of `Li` and desire established by Two Cheong brothers and Chuzi has historical ill effects and errors therefore need to re-establish modern unified recognition structure of `Li` and desire. It was a attempt to convert `Li` order system as neo-Confucian essence into a system centered `Qi(氣)`. Daejin, especially, connecting `li` and desire isssue with the rule of right, defines that `man`s preference for property and sex is an intrinsic attribute and it is the very `Li` being with common people. Sim emphasis that the preference for fame and wealth is `天命之性`, `性卽利` and also `與人同利`, 公利=義 to prevent this from running into private preference. Following after them, the absoluteness of ideological neo-Confucianism, the fetter of instinct desire for matters for six or seven years, has weakened in China and Korea, at the same time these nations started to enter into modem nations in earnest as western Capitalism came after 18th century. Daejin`s philosophical system of `氣化之陰陽, 生 生不息` `性卽欲`, `與百姓同之` affects Hong Su-jeon(洪秀全)`s peace haven revolution thought and Son Jung-san(孫中山)`s revolution democratic ideas, sim Dae-yun`s `氣動`, `性卽利`, `與人同利` affects the popular movement and democracy such as Donghak(東學) revolution (1862) and the Kap-o Reform ideas of 1894. In 18th century, the establishment of unified `Li` and desire structure of Daejin, in China, and Sim Dae-yun, in Korea, nourishes the development and extension of modem Capitalism and democracy.