The Main contents of this study is to analyze a constitutional meaning of the prosecutional power and how to control it from constitutional perspectives. The main purpose of the prosecutional power is to ensure the fundamental rights of the people. Ho...
The Main contents of this study is to analyze a constitutional meaning of the prosecutional power and how to control it from constitutional perspectives. The main purpose of the prosecutional power is to ensure the fundamental rights of the people. However the prosecutional power has not work for the people who is the true source of the power. In our reality the prosecutional power is abuse for a political power and an economic power, and the benefit of the prosecution organization rather than the people. In this situation, this study is aimed to devise how the prosecutional power control for the attainment of true purpose that is to ensure the fundamental rights of the people.
The prosecution shall exercise its legal authority for a criminal investigation, commanding of judicial police officer, a public prosecution and a maintenance of a public prosecution, claim to exercise legitimate judical power and such. The core of exercising the prosecutional power is a criminal investigation and a public prosecution among others. This prosecutional power is strengthened by the direction authority to the police investigation, exclusive authority and discretion on a public prosecution that is called a anklagemonopol and principle of discretionary prosecution. But we can see that the prosecution’s powerful authority has abused in several cases. The sovereignty of the Republic of Korea shall reside in the people, and all state authority shall emanate from the people(Para 2 of Article 1 of the Constitution). Therefore the authority of a public prosecution shall reside in the people, and the prosecution exercise it by delegation of authority from the people. In this perspective, the prosecution must accept the constitutional control of a prosecutional power. Because there can be no uncontrolled state institution in modern constitutional state.
All state institutions of constitution are organized as a means to ensure a fundamental rights of the people. And the institutions shall exercise their power which are granted by the people within the scope of the constitution and its own purpose. Therefore the Public Prosecution’s Office which is in charge of prosecution office work(typically a investigations and a public prosecution etc.) also shall be organized as a means to ensure the fundamental rights of the people, and it must exercise the authority for the purpose. So it should be organized and exercise the authority in accordance with the rule of law and democracy which are the fundamental principle of constitution.
But unfortunately until now prosecution organization and its exercise of authority have not satisfy the principles of constitution. So we should strive to correspond prosecution organization and its exercise of authority with principles of constitution, especially the separation of powers, democracy and ensuring the fundamental rights of the people. In addition, the efficiency of the state functions should also be considered. In particular our prosecution organization has extremely a tendency of the hierarchy with Supreme Prosecutor’s Office and Prosecutor General. And there are no effective control device to prosecutors exercise of authority and an illegal act. Thus, it is constantly being raised the necessity for undermining the power by decentralization of a prosecutional power. As such, a control and decentralization of a prosecutional power steer truly our prosecution organization to the goal which is prosecution for the people.