It has been claimed that maternal education may contribute to improving child health, but the argument is still controversial given the existing empirical evidence. The study examines the relationship between maternal education and child health in Gha...
It has been claimed that maternal education may contribute to improving child health, but the argument is still controversial given the existing empirical evidence. The study examines the relationship between maternal education and child health in Ghana with the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The study tests two hypotheses: (1) Maternal education prevents the prevalence of childhood diarrhea, fever, and cough; and (2) Children of educated mothers receive more medical treatment when they have diarrhea/fever/ cough. Two statistical analyses are used for the study, namely: cross-tabulation and logistic regression. Cross-tabulation analysis is employed to examine the bi-variate relationship between maternal education and childhood morbidities of diarrhea, fever, and cough. On the other hand, logistic regression is used to investigate whether maternal education has an impact on the occurrence of childhood illnesses when controlling for socioeconomic, environmental, nutritional, demographic, and geographic factors. The study also explored whether maternal education has any impact on the treatment of three childhood illnesses.
The results are two-fold: firstly, maternal education is associated with the prevalence of childhood diarrhea and cough but not with the prevalence of fever in bi-variate analysis. However, the impact of maternal education on childhood diarrhea and cough disappears when controlling for socio-economic, environmental, nutritional, demographic, and geographic factors in logistic regression analysis. Secondly, maternal education has a positive impact on the treatment of childhood diarrhea while it has no impact on the treatment of childhood fever/cough.
Three possible reasons are speculated: First, there are factors affecting childhood diarrhea, which educated mothers cannot control such as a contaminated community environment. Household members in Ghana are easily exposed to bacteria due to poor management of solid waste in the country. This fact implies that there is a factor which weakens the impact of maternal education on child health. Second, as working mothers increase, mother’s child care time depends on the types of job a mother has rather than maternal education. Becker argues that maternal education reduces mother’s child care time because educated mothers are more likely to have a job but the findings show that the employment sector that a mother is engaged in determines the time spent on child care because 90% of respondents are working currently. Third, education does not provide enough knowledge about health and sanitation. Even though the Ghanaian education covers some health issues, it is not taught repeatedly and emphasized. Moreover, some information such as food and nutrition, indoor-air pollution and disposal of child faeces are not included in the curriculum. These findings imply that the Ghanaian government should strengthen health/sanitation education and keep community environment clean to increase child health in Ghana.