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    부동산담보신탁에서의 수익권의 성질에 대한 검토 = A Review of the Nature of the Beneficiary’s Rights in a Real Estate Security Trust

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    As real estate trusts for security purposes(hereinafter “real estate security trust”) are used as a key collateral in real estate project finance, many disputes have arisen and social costs are increasing. In order to increase the legal stability and predictability of transactions, it is necessary to further develop existing discussions about the beneficiary’s rights in real estate security trusts that have not yet been clarified.
    While the Supreme Court appears to have adopted the majority opinion that views beneficiary rights as personal rights, it is not appropriate to apply a single legal theory or doctrine uniformly to all kinds of trust relationships. It is necessary to understand the nature of the beneficiary rights differently and adjust or adapt doctrines, considering the attributes of each trust contract. The nature of the beneficiary right should not be determined upon the dichotomy between doctrines of personal rights and property rights. Rather it should be examined, while understanding contractual relationship of the real estate security trust through proper interpretation of trust agreements and formulating the most appropriate legal doctrines that can fully appreciate the attributes of such trust contract. Even if the trust system is a very flexible system, it is not possible to freely determine the contents of a trust contract indefinitely upon the agreement between the parties, and as a limitation, consistency with the existing legal system is required. Considering the absence of the equity law in the judicial system of the Republic of Korea, it is hard to resolve every trust-related issue by legislation. The nature of trust contract relationship should be investigated through formation of the court's active case law, and more limits on freedom of contract content are needed. When forming the security trust-related legal principles, it should be considered that the beneficiary right has both personal right-like character and real property right-like character and that the real estate security trust beneficiary’s rights perform a collateral function. In particular, it has properties similar to the non-standard collateral, so-called Yangdo-dambo, so it may be possible to apply some analogy of Yangdo-dambo legal principles to those of real estate security trust.
    The Supreme Court en banc Decision 2014Da225809 decided on Jun. 22, 2017, was the case about the fate of beneficiary rights in real estate security trust when secured loan was transferred to a third party, following the court’s assign order. While the court treated whether separation of beneficiary’s rights and secured claims is allowed as a problem that should be determined upon individual trust contracts, this paper suggests that it is necessary to establish the limit of nature of beneficiary rights that separation of secured bonds and beneficiary rights is not allowed. Beneficiary rights, separated from secured bonds, have only a limited economic meaning and destabilize the legal status of the parties. Although it is important to widely recognize freedom of contracts, it is desirable to force secured bonds and beneficiary rights to be traded together to avoid the uncertainty of the contractual relationship, occurrence of unintended consequences.
    In the Seoul High Court en banc Decision 2017Na2036022 decided on Jan. 17, 2018, the court ruled that only the beneficiary rights are transferred, and the beneficiary status, including obligations by the trustee, is not transferred. This paper criticizes the court’s approach. It is questionable how the beneficiary right and the beneficiary status can exist separately, and what will be its economic and legal outcome. This also goes against the indivisibility of beneficiary rights.
    번역하기

    As real estate trusts for security purposes(hereinafter “real estate security trust”) are used as a key collateral in real estate project finance, many disputes have arisen and social costs are increasing. In order to increase the legal stability ...

    As real estate trusts for security purposes(hereinafter “real estate security trust”) are used as a key collateral in real estate project finance, many disputes have arisen and social costs are increasing. In order to increase the legal stability and predictability of transactions, it is necessary to further develop existing discussions about the beneficiary’s rights in real estate security trusts that have not yet been clarified.
    While the Supreme Court appears to have adopted the majority opinion that views beneficiary rights as personal rights, it is not appropriate to apply a single legal theory or doctrine uniformly to all kinds of trust relationships. It is necessary to understand the nature of the beneficiary rights differently and adjust or adapt doctrines, considering the attributes of each trust contract. The nature of the beneficiary right should not be determined upon the dichotomy between doctrines of personal rights and property rights. Rather it should be examined, while understanding contractual relationship of the real estate security trust through proper interpretation of trust agreements and formulating the most appropriate legal doctrines that can fully appreciate the attributes of such trust contract. Even if the trust system is a very flexible system, it is not possible to freely determine the contents of a trust contract indefinitely upon the agreement between the parties, and as a limitation, consistency with the existing legal system is required. Considering the absence of the equity law in the judicial system of the Republic of Korea, it is hard to resolve every trust-related issue by legislation. The nature of trust contract relationship should be investigated through formation of the court's active case law, and more limits on freedom of contract content are needed. When forming the security trust-related legal principles, it should be considered that the beneficiary right has both personal right-like character and real property right-like character and that the real estate security trust beneficiary’s rights perform a collateral function. In particular, it has properties similar to the non-standard collateral, so-called Yangdo-dambo, so it may be possible to apply some analogy of Yangdo-dambo legal principles to those of real estate security trust.
    The Supreme Court en banc Decision 2014Da225809 decided on Jun. 22, 2017, was the case about the fate of beneficiary rights in real estate security trust when secured loan was transferred to a third party, following the court’s assign order. While the court treated whether separation of beneficiary’s rights and secured claims is allowed as a problem that should be determined upon individual trust contracts, this paper suggests that it is necessary to establish the limit of nature of beneficiary rights that separation of secured bonds and beneficiary rights is not allowed. Beneficiary rights, separated from secured bonds, have only a limited economic meaning and destabilize the legal status of the parties. Although it is important to widely recognize freedom of contracts, it is desirable to force secured bonds and beneficiary rights to be traded together to avoid the uncertainty of the contractual relationship, occurrence of unintended consequences.
    In the Seoul High Court en banc Decision 2017Na2036022 decided on Jan. 17, 2018, the court ruled that only the beneficiary rights are transferred, and the beneficiary status, including obligations by the trustee, is not transferred. This paper criticizes the court’s approach. It is questionable how the beneficiary right and the beneficiary status can exist separately, and what will be its economic and legal outcome. This also goes against the indivisibility of beneficiary rights.

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    참고문헌 (Reference)

    1 남효순, "프랑스민법상 무체동산질권" 법학연구소 55 (55): 163-220, 2014

    2 정태윤, "프랑스 신탁법" 한국비교사법학회 19 (19): 941-1004, 2012

    3 한불민사법학회, "프랑스 민법 중 물권법, 담보법(제2권, 제4권)의 번역" 법무부 2017

    4 백태승, "판례상의 이른바 신종계약의 유형 및 민법에의 편입여부" 법학연구원 21 (21): 57-90, 2011

    5 노혁준, "최근 주요 부동산신탁 판례의 검토" (93) : 2019

    6 금융위원회, "최근 부동산시장 점검결과 및 보안방안 금융부문 후속조치 시행"

    7 김준호, "채권법" 법문사 2020

    8 광장신탁법연구회, "주석신탁법" 박영사 2016

    9 정동윤, "주석 상법" 한국사법행정학회 2014

    10 김용담, "주석 민법 채권총칙" 한국사법행정학회 2014

    1 남효순, "프랑스민법상 무체동산질권" 법학연구소 55 (55): 163-220, 2014

    2 정태윤, "프랑스 신탁법" 한국비교사법학회 19 (19): 941-1004, 2012

    3 한불민사법학회, "프랑스 민법 중 물권법, 담보법(제2권, 제4권)의 번역" 법무부 2017

    4 백태승, "판례상의 이른바 신종계약의 유형 및 민법에의 편입여부" 법학연구원 21 (21): 57-90, 2011

    5 노혁준, "최근 주요 부동산신탁 판례의 검토" (93) : 2019

    6 금융위원회, "최근 부동산시장 점검결과 및 보안방안 금융부문 후속조치 시행"

    7 김준호, "채권법" 법문사 2020

    8 광장신탁법연구회, "주석신탁법" 박영사 2016

    9 정동윤, "주석 상법" 한국사법행정학회 2014

    10 김용담, "주석 민법 채권총칙" 한국사법행정학회 2014

    11 김범석, "장래매출채권 유동화의 현황과 활성화 방안" (47) : 2003

    12 이중기, "잔여수익권의 특징과 양도방법: 수익권의 불가분성을 중심으로" 법학연구소 14 (14): 57-82, 2013

    13 정순섭, "자본시장과 금융투자업에 관한 법률안에 관한 공청회 진술요지"

    14 권재열, "일본의 2004년 개정 신탁업법에 관한 소고" 한국증권법학회 8 (8): 305-338, 2007

    15 최수정, "일본신탁법" 진원사 2007

    16 "인천지방법원 2013. 6. 4. 선고 2012가합8891 판결"

    17 한국은행 은행감독원, "은행법해설" 한국은행 1993

    18 정순섭, "은행법" 지원출판사 2017

    19 가정준, "신탁인 듯 신탁 아닌 ‘부동산담보신탁’" 법학연구소 36 (36): 553-574, 2016

    20 이계정, "신탁의 수익권의 성질에 관한 연구" 한국민사법학회 77 : 103-148, 2016

    21 강율리, "신탁을 이용한 자산유동화에 관한 법적 쟁점" (17) : 2006

    22 이근영, "신탁수익권의 양도에 관한 고찰" 한국비교사법학회 22 (22): 249-280, 2015

    23 이재호, "신탁법해석" 한국사법행정학회 2000

    24 정순섭, "신탁법의 쟁점(제1권)" 소화 2015

    25 김상용, "신탁법 해설" 법무부 2012

    26 이연갑, "신탁법 개정에 따른 「부동산등기법」 개정안의 검토" 법학연구원 21 (21): 289-314, 2011

    27 최동식, "신탁법" 법문사 2006

    28 최수정, "신탁법" 박영사 2019

    29 최수정, "신탁법" 박영사 2016

    30 이중기, "신탁법" 삼우사 2007

    31 이연갑, "신탁등기의 대항력 ― 대법원 2018. 9. 28. 선고 2017다273984 판결에 대한 평석 ―" 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 27 (27): 141-163, 2019

    32 최수정, "수익자취소권 재고" 법조협회 63 (63): 168-204, 2014

    33 "서울중앙지방법원 2017. 6. 15. 선고 2016가합545298, 2017가합519449 판결"

    34 "서울중앙지방법원 2014. 2. 18. 선고 2014비단9 결정"

    35 "서울중앙지방법원 2011. 12. 28. 선고 2011가합68185 판결"

    36 최준규, "서울대학교 법학연구소 법학연구총서" 경인문화사 2020

    37 "서울고등법원 2018. 1. 17. 선고 2017나2036022 판결"

    38 "서울고등법원 2014. 8. 28. 선고 2013나46582 판결"

    39 "서울고등법원 2012. 10. 26. 선고 2012나7894 판결"

    40 법무부, "부동산등기원인행위의 공증제도 의무화로 인한 사회적 비용과 편익에 관한 법경제학적 분석연구" 법무부 2011

    41 이정선, "부동산담보신탁에서 수익권의 법적 성질" 한국재산법학회 34 (34): 197-230, 2017

    42 최수정, "부동산담보신탁상 우선수익권의 성질과 우선수익권질권의 효력 - 대법원 2017. 6. 22. 선고 2014다225809 전원합의체 판결을 계기로 -" 대한변호사협회 (470) : 40-59, 2017

    43 나인성, "부동산담보신탁상 우선수익권의 법적 성질 : 물권. 채권 준별론으로부터의 외유(外遊)" 9 : 2019

    44 법무법인 지평, "부동산PF개발사업법" 박영사 2018

    45 오상민, "부동산 신탁실무에서 개정 신탁법 적용의 한계" 한국상사법학회 36 (36): 215-247, 2018

    46 금융감독원, "보도자료(2020.3분기 신탁 관련 통계)"

    47 금융위원회, "법령해석 회신문(여신전문금융업법 제49조 제4항 2호 담보권 실행의 해석)"

    48 권영준, "민법판례연구 1" 박영사 2019

    49 송덕수, "물권법" 박영사 2019

    50 "대법원 2017. 6. 22. 선고 2014다225809 전원합의체 판결"

    51 "대법원 2014. 4. 30. 선고 2013다80429, 80436 판결"

    52 "대법원 2014. 12. 11. 선고 2012다116567 판결"

    53 "대법원 2004. 4. 28. 선고 2003다61542 판결"

    54 "대법원 2002. 4. 12. 선고 2000다70460 판결"

    55 "대법원 2000. 1. 21. 선고 97다1013 판결"

    56 "대법원 1997. 11. 14. 선고 95다11009 판결"

    57 "대법원 1991. 8. 13. 선고 91다12608 판결"

    58 "대법원 1988. 9. 27. 선고 88다카1797 판결"

    59 정소민, "담보신탁의 법리에 관한 비판적 고찰" 법무부 (85) : 87-115, 2019

    60 윤진수, "담보신탁의 도산절연론 비판" 한국비교사법학회 25 (25): 697-748, 2018

    61 이계정, "담보신탁과 분양보증신탁에 관한 연구" 사법발전재단 1 (1): 83-127, 2017

    62 박준, "금융거래와 법" 박영사 2019

    63 금융위원회, "금융감독업무에 관한 질의회신(금융기관이 공매중인 신탁부동산을 취득할 수 있는지 여부)"

    64 양창수, "권리의 보전과 담보" 박영사 2018

    65 최수정, "개정 신탁법상의 수익권" 법무부 (59) : 139-160, 2012

    66 金聖弼, "信託法理의 私法的 體系化에 관한 硏究" 漢陽大學校 大學院 1997

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    72 John H. Langbein, "The Contractarian Basis of the Law of Trusts" 105 (105): 1995

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    77 Pierre Lepaulle, "An Outsider’s View Point of the Nature of Trusts" 52 : 1929

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