황해‧평안도의 제2차 동학농민전쟁 = The Second Tonghak Peasant War in the Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study, I examined the Korean peoples’ changing attitudes toward the Japanese army in the Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces during The Second Tonghak Peasant War. Along this, I also examined an anti-Japanese struggle in the three periods as it relates to the Korean people.
The first period covers December 1893 to mid-July 1895. During this period, the Korean people did not display any anti-Japanese sentiment. Although the Korean people revolted, their target was the local government officials who levied severe taxes on the peasants. In particular, the Songdo peasants uprising on December 24, 1893, stemmed from government officials levying a severe tax on the ginseng trade in the Songdo Yusu(a deputy delegate) region. The officials refused to compensate the peasants for the ginseng they took. When the peasants requested compensation, the officials responded with punishment. The 150 ginseng farmers in the Songdo region formed an alliance with local farmers and rebelled against the government.
The second period covers mid-July 1894 onward. At that time, the Ch’ing soldiers advanced towards Asan. The Korean people held high expectations regarding the Ch’ing soldiers’ victory against the Japanese. Near the end of August, when approximately 1,500 Ch’ing soldiers arrived in Pyeongyang, the Japanese reported that “the Korean people in the Junghwa and Hwangju areas are much more dangerous than the Ch’ing soldiers.” As the Japanese military advanced toward Pyeongyang, most of Korean people in the area fled.
The third period begins after the Pyeongyang battle. Around September 15, as the Japanese military were victorious, the Ch’ing soldiers fled along the Uiju main road towards the city of Uiju. When the Korean people refugees returned after fleeing, they found that Japanese military occupied their homes. In response, they people burnt their own homes to prevent future occupation by the Japanese military.
The Japanese military installed military communication lines via Uiju to Inner China. Between September 19 and December 30, 1894, the Korean people cut and destroyed these communication lines and telegraph poles over twenty-five times. The Japanese military retaliated by executing those suspected of sabotage. On November 23, 1894, when an uprising erupted with the Korean people in the Jaeryung region, the Japanese responded by suppressing them as well as people in the Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces until April 1895. On March 31, the final uprising occurred near Myoun Temple in the Hwanghae Province and involved 1,500 theTongHak peasant army. After this the Japanese military capture or killed the remaining TongHak peasant army.
Due to their location near the sea, Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces were significant military bases for the Japanese military. During the Sino-japanese war, these areas were used for supplies, recruitment, and horses. Accordingly the Japanese military captur and killed the TongHak peasant army in Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces. It was a starting point of genocide in the history of there overseas aggression. And It would be possible to evaluate it as another Sino-Japanes War.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study, I examined the Korean peoples’ changing attitudes toward the Japanese army in the Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces during The Second Tonghak Peasant War. Along this, I also examined an anti-Japanese struggle in the three periods as it relates to the Korean people.
The first period covers December 1893 to mid-July 1895. During this period, the Korean people did not display any anti-Japanese sentiment. Although the Korean people revolted, their target was the local government officials who levied severe taxes on the peasants. In particular, the Songdo peasants uprising on December 24, 1893, stemmed from government officials levying a severe tax on the ginseng trade in the Songdo Yusu(a deputy delegate) region. The officials refused to compensate the peasants for the ginseng they took. When the peasants requested compensation, the officials responded with punishment. The 150 ginseng farmers in the Songdo region formed an alliance with local farmers and rebelled against the government.
The second period covers mid-July 1894 onward. At that time, the Ch’ing soldiers advanced towards Asan. The Korean people held high expectations regarding the Ch’ing soldiers’ victory against the Japanese. Near the end of August, when approximately 1,500 Ch’ing soldiers arrived in Pyeongyang, the Japanese reported that “the Korean people in the Junghwa and Hwangju areas are much more dangerous than the Ch’ing soldiers.” As the Japanese military advanced toward Pyeongyang, most of Korean people in the area fled.
The third period begins after the Pyeongyang battle. Around September 15, as the Japanese military were victorious, the Ch’ing soldiers fled along the Uiju main road towards the city of Uiju. When the Korean people refugees returned after fleeing, they found that Japanese military occupied their homes. In response, they people burnt their own homes to prevent future occupation by the Japanese military.
The Japanese military installed military communication lines via Uiju to Inner China. Between September 19 and December 30, 1894, the Korean people cut and destroyed these communication lines and telegraph poles over twenty-five times. The Japanese military retaliated by executing those suspected of sabotage. On November 23, 1894, when an uprising erupted with the Korean people in the Jaeryung region, the Japanese responded by suppressing them as well as people in the Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces until April 1895. On March 31, the final uprising occurred near Myoun Temple in the Hwanghae Province and involved 1,500 theTongHak peasant army. After this the Japanese military capture or killed the remaining TongHak peasant army.
Due to their location near the sea, Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces were significant military bases for the Japanese military. During the Sino-japanese war, these areas were used for supplies, recruitment, and horses. Accordingly the Japanese military captur and killed the TongHak peasant army in Hwanghae and Pyeongan Provinces. It was a starting point of genocide in the history of there overseas aggression. And It would be possible to evaluate it as another Sino-Japanes War.

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