데이비드 이스턴의 정치 개념 비판

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to critically review D. Easton's concept of the political(politics), one of most dominant definitions of the political, that it seems to lack enough understanding and strict critique. He intended to provide the concept of the political which can be differentiable from other activities, revealing the nature of the political life on the persecutive that political scientists need an orienting concept for a more systematic study. He defines the political as ‘an authoritative allocation of values for a society’ on a politico-anthropological investigation in his book The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science (1953). His definition of the political is constructed from the combination of a systematic function of value allocation, authoritative enforcement, and an application for a whole society, through which he tried to claim the identity and uniqueness of the political aspect of social life. Although many scholars have criticized Easton's concept for limitations of its application scope, the problem can be resolved when the concepts of value allocation and authority are broadly interpreted. The real problem is that it would be difficult for his concept of the political to reveal its nature and identity. ‘Value allocation’ is not an unique, but an universal phenomenon which we are able to find out in almost every organization. ‘Authoritative enforcement’ and ‘the application for a whole society’ also would not save its conceptual discernment. Furthermore it is difficult to claim conceptual usefulness due to a sort of circular reasoning in which society and the political presuppose each other for its existence. Eventually he does not seem to succeed in revealing the uniqueness of the political and, in effect, his concept is paradoxically reduced to power concept which he criticizes as secondary.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김웅진, "현대정치학서설 : 연구영역, 대상, 맥락" 세영사 2001

2 김재영, "정치학의 이해" 삼우사 2003

3 서울대학교 정치학과, "정치학의 이해" 박영사 2004

4 21세기 정치연구회, "정치학으로의 산책" 한울 2009

5 신정현, "정치학 : 과학과 사유의 전개" 법문사 2005

6 박준영, "정치학" 박영사 2001

7 이정식, "정치학" 대왕사 1995

8 공진성, "정치와 비전." 후마니타스 2007

9 최영진, "실증주의 정치 개념에 대한 비판적 검토" 한국정치정보학회 11 (11): 285-310, 2008

10 손호철, "근대와 탈근대의 정치학" 문화과학사 2002

11 홍성흡, "국가에 대항하는 사회" 이학사 2005

12 박병익, "고등학교 사회 자습서" 천재교육 2012

13 류재영, "고등학교 사회 자습서" 천재교육 2010

14 허우긍, "고등학교 사회" 교학사 2011

15 이동환, "고등학교 사회" 법문사 2011

16 서태열, "고등학교 사회" (주)금성출판사 2011

17 한국교육개발원, "고등학교 사회" 교육부 1997

18 Leftwitch, Adrian, "What is Politics? The Activity and its Study" Basil Blackwell 1985

19 Gerring, John, "What Makes a Concept Good? A Criterial Framework for Understanding Concept Formation in the Social Sciences" 31 (31): 357-393, 1999

20 Sorzano, J. S, "Values in Political Science: the Concept of Allocation" 29 (29): 24-40, 1977

21 Connolly, William, E., "The Terms of Political Discourse" Martin Robertson 1983

22 Frohock, Fred M, "The Structure of Politics" 72 (72): 859-870, 1978

23 Mouffe, Chantal, "The Return of the Political" Verso 1993

24 Easton, David, "The Political System: An Inquiry into the State of Political Science" Alfred A. Knopf 1953

25 Easton, David, "The New Revolution in Political Science" 63 (63): 1051-1061, 1969

26 Arendt, Hannah, "The Human Condition" University. of Chicago Press 1998

27 Truman, David, "The Government Process" Alfred A. Knopt 1962

28 Schmitt, Carl, "The Concept of the Press" University of Chicago Press 1996

29 Moon, Syng Ek, "The Anti-Science Position: the Theses against Positivist Political Science in Some Contemporary Political Writings" Florida State University. 1968

30 Green, Leslie, "Supporting for the System" 15 (15): 127-142, 1985

31 Sartori, Giovanni, "Social Science Concepts : A Systematic Analysis" Sage Publication 1984

32 Isaak, Alain C., "Scope and Methods of Political Science" The Dorsey 2012

33 Dolan, Fredrick M, "Representing the Political Science in the Age of the World Picture" 20 (20): 93-108, 1990

34 Shively, W. Phillips, "Power and Choice : An Introduction to Political Science" McGraw-Hill Higher Education 2011

35 Palonen, Kari, "Politics or the Political? An Historical Perspective on a Contemporary Non-debate" 6 : 69-78, 2007

36 Ethridge, Marcus E., "Politics in a Changing World: a Comparative Introduction to Political Science"

37 Michell, William, C, "Politics as the Allocation of Values: A Critique" 71 (71): 79-89, 1961

38 Bay, Christian, "Politics and Pseudopolitics: A Critical Evaluation of Some Behavioral Literature" 59 (59): 39-51, 1965

39 Frohock, Fred M, "Notes on the Concept of Politics: Weber, Easton, Strauss" 36 (36): 379-408, 1974

40 Dahl, Robert, "Modern Political Analysis" Prentice-Hall 1990

41 Leslie, Peter, "General Theory in Political Science: A Critique of Eastons Systems Analysis" 2 : 155-172, 1972

42 Weber, Max, "From Max Weber : Essays in Sociology" Routledge 2009

43 Gallie, W. B, "Essentially Contested Concepts" 56 : 167-198, 1956

44 Freeden, Michael, "Editorial: Essential Contestability and Effective Contestability" 9 : 3-11, 2004

45 Astin, John, D, "Easton I and Easton II" 25 (25): 726-737, 1972

46 Sorzano, J. S, "David Easton and the Invisible Hand" 69 (69): 91-106, 1975

47 Hague, Rod, "Comparative Governments and Politics" Palgrave Macmillan 2004

48 Polsby, Nelson, "Community Power and Political Theory" Yale Univ. Press 1963

49 Easton, David, "A Framework for Political Analysis" Prentice Hall 1965