시민의제 위주의 하의상달식(bottom-up agenda setting) 선거보도 연구 = 시민저널리즘의 이슈를 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 정치 리더쉽을 구축하는 선거에 대한 언론보도를 둘러싼 우리사회의 일상화된 비판에 유의하고 어떤 보도방향으로 개선할 것인가에 대한 문제인식에서 출발하였다. 이를 위해 1998년과 2002년에 실시된 지방선거보도를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 시민저널리즘의 실행에 대한 문헌검토를 통하여 기존 선거보도의 문제점이 유권자인 시민 위주의 하의상달식 의제(bottom-up agenda) 중심의 선거보도가 아니고 엘리트 위주의 상의하달식 의제(top-down agendag) 중심의 선거보도에서 기인하는 것으로 정리하고 시민 의제 위주의 선거보도와 엘리트 의제 위주의 선거보도 비교를 통하여 지방선거보도의 특징을 조사하고 개선을 논의하였다. 카이스퀘어와 t 테스트에 의한 399개의 지방선거기사에 대한 분석은 엘리트정보원의 이용빈도, 정보인용, 정보활용정도가 1998년 보도에 비해 2002년 보도에서 감소하고 있음을 보여주었다. 그러나 전반적으로 시민정보원보다는 엘리트정보원 중심의 상의하달식 의제와 내용 위주로 선거보도가 이루어지고 있는 것으로 요약할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과의 의미와 추후 연구과제를 논의하고 선거보도의 초점을 유권자인 시민의 관심과 이슈에 맞추는 시민 위주의 하의상달식 시민저널리즘 선거보도의 필요성과 의의를 강조하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the local election coverage of the three daily newspapers in the years 1998 and 2002. The examination proceeded from three research questions. First, what sources are used by average citizens in the local election coverage? Second, what patterns of coverage are characteristic of the coverage employed by citizen sources? Third, how much does the coverage satisfy some criteria of Civic journalism election reporting? A chi-square and t-test were conducted on 399 local election stories. The results revealed, in particular, that the frequency of using elite sources, the amount of information cited from elite sources, and the number of words in elite sources were diminished in the 2002 stories compared to the those of 1998. The results also found that there were some differences in providing information for understanding problem-solving, candidate anatomy, and policy issues related to the election. In general, however, the local election reporting were characterized by the prominence and dominance of elite source information rather than citizen sources. The study emphasized the significance of the election coverage looking after the criteria and direction of civic journalism. Implications of the results for future research were discussed and suggested, including studies on airwaves, journalistic practices, and citizen's attitudes toward civic journalism.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 문제의 인식
• 2. 시민저널리즘의 관점
• 3. 시민저널리즘 선거보도의 특성과 효과
• 4. 연구의 범위와 연구문제
• 5. 연구방법
• 6. 분석 결과
• 7. 결론 및 논의
• 참고문헌
• 〈Abstract〉

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "한국언론의 신뢰도" 한국언론재단 2001

2 "한국언론과 선거보도" 나남 1997

3 "한국선거보도연구" 나남 1997

4 "한국 언론의 정치 선거보도" 한국언론재단 1999

5 "텔레비전의 15대 대통령선거 보도분석" 43 (43): 5-44, 1999

6 "온라인신문에서의 시민저널리즘 가능성 연구 : 일상적 실천을 중심으로" 46 (46): 33-63, 2002

7 "선거보도와 시민저널리즘" 한국언론연구원 1996

8 "선거 TV토론과 시민저널리즘" 한국언론연구원 1997

9 "미디어 정보원 진술 활용과 현실정의" 46 (46): 52-556, 2002

10 "대학생 유권자의 국회의원 선거뉴스 시청과 시청효과" 40 (40): 5-48, 1997

11 "당선 예측보다는 당선 이유에 초점 맞추길 : 지방선거 당선예측 보도의 문제 점과 개선방안" (332) : 41-45, 1998

12 "국민정서와 뉴스" 삼성언론재단 1999

13 "What are journalists for" Yale University Press 1999a

14 "The impact of civic journalism projects on voting behavior in state-wide referendums" 1998

15 "The citizens election project case studies" The Pew Center for Civic Journalism 1996

16 "The action of the idea : Public journalism in built form" Guilford 21-48, 1999b

17 "The American journalist in the 1990s : U.S. news people at the end of an era" Erlbaum 1996

18 "The 1996 presidential campaign civic journalism and local TV news Does doing civic journalism make any difference" 1997.8

19 "Sources and civic journalism : Changing patterns of reporting" 79 (79): 853-866, 2002

20 "Something to talk about : The effects of civic journalism on political discourse and engagement" 2001

21 "Resurveying the boundaries of political communications effects" Erlbaum 215-267, 2002

22 "Race, myth and the news" Sage 1995

23 "Public journalism through the lens : How television broadcasters covered campaign 96" 45 (45): 320-334, 2001

24 "Public journalism and the search for democratic ideals" Routledge 203-218, 1998

25 "Public journalism and the 1992 elections" University of Missouri Press 111-122, 1998

26 "Public journalism and social capital : The case of Madison, Wisconsin" 191-220, 1998

27 "Public journalism and non-elite actors and sources" 22 (22): 92-95, 2001

28 "Public journalism : What difference does it make to editorial content" University of Missouri Press 178-190, 1998

29 "Out of order" 1993

30 "On the political responsibility of the media intellectual Critical Studies in Mass Communication" 363-388, 1994

31 "On evaluating public journalism" Guilford 175-196, 1999

32 "Newspaper news sources and the limits of diversity" 45-54, 1987

33 "Lewis A Friedland와 김민남 교수의 대담" 신문과 방송 (367) : 60-64, 2001

34 "Importing journalistic ideals and practices : The case of public journalism in Denmark" 8 (8): 90-103, 2003

35 "Imaging public journalism : An editor and scholar reflect on the birth of an idea" Indiana University School of Journalism 1995

36 "Hidden value : Polls and public journalism" 113-141, 2000

37 "Governing with news : The news media as a political institution" The University of Chicago Press 1998

38 "Getting the connections right : Public journalism and the troubles in the press" The Twentieth Century Fund Press 1996

39 "From contest to content : The impact of Public journalism on New Zealand election campaign coverage" 17 : 133-148, 2000

40 "Effects of a multimedia public journalism project on political knowledge and attitudes" University of Missouri Press 143-157, 1998

41 "Does public journalism work : The Campaign Central experience" The Pew Center for Civic Journalism 1997

42 "Does making journalism more public make a difference : A critical review of evaluative research on public journalism" 79 (79): 559-586, 2002

43 "Content analysis for the social science and humanities" 1969

44 "Civic lessons : Report on four civic journalism projects" The Pew Center for Civic Journalism 1997

45 "Civic journalism-growing and evolving in keeping in touch : How the media can connect with the public" 49 : 16-19, 1995

46 "Civic journalism in practice : Case studies in the art of listening" 16-29, 1998

47 "Civic journalism and nonelite sourcing : Making routine newswork of community connectedness" 75 (75): 394-407, 1998

48 "Civic journalism : Does it work?" The Pew Center for Civic Journalism 1995

49 "Breaking the news : How the media undermine American democracy" Pantheon 1996

50 "Blacks in the news" 341-361, 1992