경주지역 적석목곽묘의 출현과정에 대한 일고찰 = A study of the emergence of the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound(積石木槨墓)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis aims to trace the changing processes from the outer coffin tombs(木 槨墓) to the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound(積石木槨墓) with the perspective emphasizing continuous changes rather than dramatic ones. Thus it is considered that many elements of the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound such as the compiled stones around wooden chamber, doubled chambers, pebble platform for coffins, stone stairs, excluding partial elements such as the compiled stones of the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound and its wooden joint structures, could be found during the stage of the outer coffin tombs. In addition the locational characteristics of the outer coffin tombs in Gyeongju region have been examined, which has attracted less attention until now. Through this locational review the transition from outer coffin tombs to the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound has been traced.
In Gyeongju area, unlike other Youngnam region, it is found that outer coffin tombs had been built in plains as well as hills. These features in their location might be understood to be not only one of the backgrounds for emergence of the wooden chamber tombs with stone mounds but also one of the prime mover of their appearance. From the middle of the 2nd century AD, which witnessed the appearance of the outer coffin tombs in Gyeongju area, to the middle of the 3rd century AD, which witnessed the the so-called Gyeongju-style outer coffin tombs(慶州式木槨墓), a few stone-surrounded outer coffin tombs(圍石式木槨墓) had emerged at only the old tomb groups located at plain areas. But from the second part of the 3rd century stone-surronded outer coffin tombs spread to not only plain areas to hilly areas where stone might be relatively less available than plain areas. Through these processes the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound gradually had added their own features more and more. From the late part of the second half of the 4th century AD the wooden chamber tombs with stone mound had appeared at both hill and plain in Gyeongju area, which is understood to be the period that they had been firmly established in Gyeonju area.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 적석목곽묘의 등장이 그 앞 단계인 목곽묘시기부터 계속되어 온 계기적인 변천의결과로 보는 입장에서 목곽묘와 적석목곽묘로의 전환 과정을 검토하는데 그 목적이 있다.
그래서 지상화 된 대형적석목곽묘에서 보이는 적석 봉토부와 목가구조 같은 일부 구조를제외하고 적석목곽묘가 갖추어야 할 목곽 주위의 적석, 이중곽, 역석시상, 석단시설 등의구조가 이미 목곽묘단계에 나타나는 것으로 판단하였다. 그리고 그 동안 관심이 부족했던경주지역 목곽묘의 입지적 특성을 이해하고 이를 고려해 목곽묘에서 적석목곽묘로의 전환과정을 검토하였다.
경주지역은 다른 영남지방과 달리 목곽묘가 구릉뿐 아니라 평지에서도 축조된다. 이렇게평지에도 목곽묘가 축조되는 경주지역 목곽묘의 입지적 특성은 위석식목곽묘 출현의 배경이되었고 적석목곽묘 등장에 주요한 계기가 된 것으로 이해된다. 경주지역에서 목곽묘가 처음나타나는 2세기 중엽부터 경주식목곽묘가 출현하는 3세기 중엽까지는 평지에 위치한 고분군에서만 일부 위석식목곽묘가 등장한다. 3세기 후엽부터는 평지뿐 아니라 상대적으로 돌을 구하기 어려운 구릉에 위치한 고분군에서도 위석식목곽묘가 나타나면서 한층 적석목곽묘의 면모를 갖추어 나간다. 4세기 4/4분기부터 구릉과 평지에 관계없이 경주전역에서 적석목곽묘가 나타나는데 이 시점을 경주지역에서 적석목곽묘가 성립하는 것으로 이해하였다.