Sarcopenia is loss of skeletal muscle and is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, muscle function, and physical performance. Skeletal muscle loss occurs when the rate of protein breakdown exceeds the rate of protein synthesis. Lactobacillus gas...
Sarcopenia is loss of skeletal muscle and is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, muscle function, and physical performance. Skeletal muscle loss occurs when the rate of protein breakdown exceeds the rate of protein synthesis. Lactobacillus gasseri is a probiotic strain belonging to Lactobacillus genus. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L.gasseri for ameliorating dexamethasone-induced muscle loss in mice and cultured myotubes. BALB/c mice were i.p. injected with dexamethasone while orally administered with L.gasseri for 21 days. C2C12 myotubes was co-treated with dexamethasone and culture supernatant of L.gasseri in vitro. Protein levels in muscle were measured using western blotting, while serum protein levels were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Messenger RNA levels were quantified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). L.gasseri ameliorated dexamethasone-induced decline in muscle function measured by forelimb grip strength, treadmill running time and rotarod retention time. The weight of gastrocnemius and quadriceps normalized to body weight were significantly increased by L.gasseri. Lean body mass percent measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were significantly increased, while fat mass was decreased by L.gasseri. Ameliorating effects of L.gasseri were observed in both female and male mice. Levels of major muscular proteins such as myosin heavy chain and myoblast determination protein 1 were significantly increased by L.gasseri. Serum level of myostatin was decreased by L.gasseri. Muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase, MuRF1 and MAFbx/atrogin-1, as well as their transcription factor, FoxO3, were decreased in muscle by L.gasseri. The muscular Akt-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway as well as serum level of IGF-1, which induces protein synthesis, were increased by L.gasseri. The dexamethasone-induced atrophy of C2C12 myotubes were significantly ameliorated by the culture supernatant of L.gasseri. Effects of L.gasseri in mice were replicated in C2C12 myotube culture by the culture supernatant of L.gasseri. This study demonstrated that L.gasseri ameliorates muscle loss by inhibiting the protein degradation pathway and activating the protein synthesis pathway.