The subject of this study is to examine how exhibitions have been organized in North Korea during the Kim Jong-un era and to identify their distinctive characteristics. To this end, the study analyzed articles related to exhibitions reported in Rodong...
The subject of this study is to examine how exhibitions have been organized in North Korea during the Kim Jong-un era and to identify their distinctive characteristics. To this end, the study analyzed articles related to exhibitions reported in Rodong Sinmun from 2012 to 2023.
The findings reveal three significant characteristics of North Korea's exhibitions.
First, there has been a quantitative expansion of exhibitions. Although the frequency of exhibitions has fluctuated due to internal and external factors such as international sanctions, U.S.-North Korea summits, the COVID-19 pandemic, and changes in economic policies under Kim Jong-un, the number of exhibitions surged dramatically after the endemic phase in 2023, with a diversification of exhibition types.
Second, exhibitions have increasingly served the dual purposes of boosting domestic demand and promoting technological achievements. Since 2015, the number of exhibitions related to consumer goods has more than doubled compared to previous years, with a greater variety of items on display, ranging from daily necessities to food, clothing, miscellaneous goods, and musical instruments. This trend reflects the expansion and qualitative improvement of consumer goods production under Kim Jong-un’s light industry policies, as well as the activation of market sales and profit generation efforts by enterprises under the socialist corporate responsibility system. Exhibitions have thus become platforms for the regime-endorsed role of “markets,” enabling companies to promote and sell products to the public, which has naturally stimulated domestic demand. Additionally, exhibitions showcasing technological achievements have diversified under Kim Jong-un's leadership. With the regime’s emphasis on building a strong economy through scientific and technological advancement, substantial investments have been made in this area. Scientific research institutions and enterprises, backed by government support, participate in these exhibitions to showcase their technological accomplishments domestically. North Korea's technological exhibitions, therefore, serve as tools for political propaganda and as part of the state’s strategy for economic self-reliance, differing significantly from technological exhibitions in other countries that focus on international technological exchange and promotion.
Lastly, the operation of exhibitions in North Korea has become more sophisticated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, North Korea introduced online exhibitions. This shift highlights the regime's recognition of the importance of exhibitions. The refinement of exhibition design is also noteworthy. North Korea has transitioned from inexpensive assembly booths to the use of premium materials such as woodwork and LED installations. This evolution has led to increased hosting costs, which is significant given North Korea's unprecedented economic challenges. The regime’s investment in exhibition design indicates an effort to attract more participants, stimulate consumer desires, and ultimately invigorate domestic demand, further underscoring the strategic role of exhibitions as a “market” function.