한국 호국불교의 성격 연구 = A Study on the Nation-Protecting Character of Korean Buddhism

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Scholars have usually defined the uniqueness of Korean Buddhism in terms of its emphasis on nation-protecting Buddhism (hoguk bulgyo). Buddhism reached the Korean peninsula in the late 4th century and it continued to function as a guiding ideology of the state until the Chosun dynasty was established in 1392.
The concept nation-protecting Buddhist tradition is generally interpreted to mean that Buddhism in Korea did not have its idealogical and institutional authority independent of the will of the ruler.
Silla monk, Wonkwang is believed to have given five commandments to the order of hwarang 1. serve the king with loyalty, 2. serve your parents with filial duty, 3. treat friends with sincerity, 4. do not retreat from battlefields, 5. be discriminate in taking life. A close look at these commandments makes it abundantly clear that the monk adapted Buddhist principles to suit the contemporary political imperatives.
Scholars have cited the role of sungbyong (monk-soldiers) during the Hideyoshi invasion of the late 16th century to suggest that Korea possessed a tradition of Buddhism being in the service of the state.
The five secular commandments, the carving of the Tripitaka Koreana, the great services of Sosan and Sa′myong during Hideyoshi invasion(1592~1598) formed the core of Korea's Buddhist tradition.
Buddhism was given patronage by the rulers of early Korea, as in other countries where it spread, because of its universalistic ethics which provided the people with coherence and cohesion.
The idealized construct of Korea's nation-protecting Buddhism (hoguk bulgyo) tradition owes its initial impulse to the specific historical context of the Japanese colonial era.
The Buddha not only taught non-violence and peace, but also he even went to the field of the battle and intervened personally, and prevented war. The Buddha says : Never by hatred is hatred appeased, but it is appeased by kindness.
Whatever action, bodily, verbal or mental, leads to suffering for oneself, for others or for both, that action is bad.
Whatever action, bodily, verbal or mental, leads to suffering for oneself for others or for both, that action is good.
In Buddhism wisdom is of the highest importance; for purification comes through wisdom, through understanding, According to the Buddha, knowledge should go hand in hand with purity of heart, with moral excellence.
Wisdom gained by understanding and development of the qualities of mind and heart is wisdom par excellence.
"When this is, that comes to be,
With the arising of this, that arises,
When this is not, that does not come to be,
With the cessation of this, that ceases"

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제의 제기 = 1
• 2. 연구목적과 방법 = 2
• Ⅱ. 호국불교의 정의와 근거 = 5
• 1. 정의 = 5
• 2. 근거 = 6
• Ⅲ. 역사상 호국불교 사례 = 24
• 1. 신라 불국토 사상, 세속오계와 호국법회 = 24
• 2. 고려 인왕회와 대장경 조판 = 42
• 3. 조선 임진왜란 시 승군의 참전 = 48
• 4. 일제 식민지 시대의 독립운동 = 54
• Ⅳ. 호국불교에 대한 평가 = 55
• 1. 긍정적 평가 = 55
• 2. 재검토론 = 57
• Ⅴ. 결 론 = 60
• 참고문헌 = 63
• ABSTRACT = 67