존 F. 케네디의 연설문에 나타난 정치사상 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

John F. Kennedy, the 35th U.S. president, has been remembered as one of the greatest presidents for a long time. This thesis explores the reason for the popularity in terms of his political thought on which his determined faith and action have been based. With a content analysis of his speeches, this study is intended to explicate the features of his political thought and to relate them to his political vision, 'New Frontier' and the main policies of his administration.
Based on the analysis proposed above, I have some major findings as follows. First, Kennedy's thought on democracy is based on the liberalism that emphasizes the guarantee of the unalienable human rights, such as liberty and human dignity. In addition, he honors reasonable thoughts and has an universal and evolutionary view on history. On the basis of Modernization Theory, he argues that the value of freedom and democratic institution need to be diffused all over the world. 'Alliance for progress' and 'The Peace Corps,' were implemented by the conviction that socioeconomic progress promotes the essential democratic values and faith. Also, Kennedy tried to expand the scope of freedom into outer space and consistently put his effort to prevent war and to bring peace as a process of realizing the rights of free and peaceful life.
Second, the context of the Cold War confrontation and ideological competition between the U.S. and the USSR had a great effect on the development of his political thought and main policies. The meaning of freedom was manifested only in the contrasting aspects with Communism, and was later transformed into 'free choice' and 'free determination' to embrace nationalism of the newly-independent nations. 'Alliance for progress' was carried out to countervail the communist strategy to exploit poverty and social instability and to sustain democracy by economic growth and social reform. 'The Peace Corps,' as personal aid, had a long-term, psychological effect on the change of American image and tried to expand the social foundation to internalize democratic faith. 'The space project' was intended to bring an initiative back and to win over the USSR in the space competition by a symbolic achievement of 'moon conquest.'
Third, Kennedy's political thought reveals both individualism emphasizing the individual rights and the communitarian nature centering on the member's responsibility and dedication. While, in view of the ideological competition with Communism, individualism for diversity and creativity was effectively utilized, the communitarian elements, like duty and sacrifice were underlined in other areas. In 'Alliance for Progress' the responsibility and voluntary faith of the recipient countries toward socioeconomic reforms are highlighted. The spirit of voluntary service and sacrifice in 'The Peace Corps' is the best case to embody the communitarian character of his political thought. In 'new strategy for peace' the responsibility and the duty of the involved countries in the community of nations are stressed in the process of negotiation and agreement toward a peaceful solution.
Fourth, the interdependence between the domestic background and the Cold War international environment had consistently been highlighted in Kennedy's political thought. Winning over the USSR is a way of achieving domestic prosperity and internal conflict resolution, and solving the domestic problems is an effective means to prevent war and to bring peace with the worldwide diffusion of freedom. Applying interdependence to international relations. 'Alliance for Progress' stresses that the recipient's self-help and the voluntary social reform must be fulfilled on condition of the U.S. aid. Likewise, the effect of the interactions between the members and the locals are emphasized in 'The Peace Corps.' In both 'The space project' and 'The strategy for peace,' the interactions between the US and the USSR. are the key to make an agreement based on the common interest in the complex process of mutual confrontation and cooperation.
Fifth, Kennedy's political thought has not only the realism to win over Communism, but the idealism to call for sacrifice and challenge under the banner of 'New Frontier.' His move to actively involve the world matters in the worldwide diffusion of freedom was based on the realistic strategy to securely pursue their political and economic interest in a transitional world order. On the other hand, he realized that it is hard to achieve the goal only with the ideology of liberalism. His insightful solution to invigorate new hope and energy brought new political vision, 'New Frontier.' In 'Alliance for progress' he tried to inspire the recipient countries with the spirits of 'New Frontier,' by connecting their dream of socioeconomic progress to the struggle for freedom. 'The Peace Corps' exactly reproduces the image of Kennedy's idealistic 'New Frontier,' with an emphasis on brave challenge for a dream and voluntary sacrifice and devotion. 'The space project' represents a dualistic image of the space as a field to maximize national interest and to win over the regime competition and as the unknown and primitive area to be discovered and newly built by the pioneers of 'New Frontier.' 'New strategy and practice for peace' shows an elaborated realistic tendency to try to draw an agreement based on the common interest of the nations in the severe regime confrontation and the fear of nuclear war.
Today, Kennedy has been remembered both as a cold-headed realist with determined decision and strong power, and as an idealist to call for "what to do for one's country" and to appeal the people with "let’s explore stars." If he exclusively relied upon the realistic strategy without presenting a dream for the future, or solely pursued the responsibility and duty for his idealistic vision with no sense of reality, few people would remember him as a great president for such a long time. Having both realistic sense and idealistic courage, Kennedy was able to properly utilize them in a pragmatic manner. And, his unique political thought and political vision were always active behind the scenes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• II. 케네디의 민주주의 정치사상 6
• 1. 자유와 평등 6
• 2. 개인주의 19
• 3. 시민권 24
• 4. 케네디 정치사상의 주요 특징 28
• III. 케네디의 정치적 비전: 뉴프런티어 32
• 1. 진보를 위한 동맹 36
• 2. 평화봉사단 48
• 3. 우주 프로젝트 55
• 4. 평화를 위한 새로운 전략과 실천 64
• IV. 결론 74
• APPENIDIX 79
• 인용문헌(WORKS CITED) 83
• 영문초록(ABSTRACT) 86