Taxonomic study of the subfamily Clitumninae (Phasmida, Phasmatidae) in Laos

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The subfamily Clitumninae Brunner Von Wattenwyl, 1893 (Phasmida, Phasmatidae) is one of the seven subfamilies of the family Phasmatidae Gray, 1835. The Clitumninae are distributed in Oriental Region, southern portion of the Palearctic Region (China, Korea, Far East Russia & Japan), Wallacea Region and as far east as New Guinea (Hennemann & Conle, 2008).
The fauna of Phasmida has been poorly studied in Laos to date. Only four species are recorded by Redtenbacher (1908), Ho (2017a; 2017b) and Bresseel & Constant (2018) from the country: Medauroidea brongniarti (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), Phobaeticus magnus Hennemann & Conle, 2008, Parapachymorpha spiniger (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), Sipyloidea sipylus (Westwood, 1859). Among them, three species are belong to the subfamily Clitumninae. In the adjacent countries, the phasmid fauna of Vietnam comprises 124 species, 41 species from Thailand, 26 species from Myanmar, 3 species from Cambodia (Brock et al., 2019).
The present study is the first intensive study of the subfamily Clitumninae from Laos, even in the order Phasmida entirely. A total seven species of five genera in three tribes were recognized from Laos. Among them, one tribe, Clitumnini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893; two genera, Ramulus Saussaure and Baculomia Bresseel & Constant 2019; one species, Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859), are firstly recorded from Laos. Three species are described as new to science; Baculomia 1 sp. nov., Medauroidea 1 sp. nov. and Parapachymorpha minuta sp. nov.. Additionally, results of the present study brings the total number of stick insect taxa formally recorded from Laos to eight species of six genera.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT 1
• 1. INTRODUCTION 5
• 1.1. Characteristics 6
• 1.1.1. Adult 6
• 1.2.2. Eggs 10
• 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12
• 2.1. Collections 12
• 2.2. Collecting sites in Laos 12
• 2.2.1. Phou Khao Khouay National Bio–Diversity Conservation Area 13
• 2.2.2. Phosabous National Protected Area 14
• 2.2.3. Dong Hua Sao National Bio–Diversity Conservation Area 15
• 2.3. Specimens Examined 17
• 2.4. Description, Photogragh and Map 17
• 3. RESULTS 18
• 3.1. Checklist of Clitumninae in Laos 18
• 3.2. Taxonomic accounts 19
• Subfamily Clitumninae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 19
• Tribe Clitumnini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 19
• Genus Ramulus Saussure, 1862 20
• Genus Baculomia Bresseel & Constant, 2019 23
• Tribe Medaurini Hennemann & Conle, 2008 28
• Genus Medauroidea Zompro, 2000 29
• Genus Parapachymorpha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 35
• Tribe Pharnaciini Günther, 1953 39
• Genus Phobaeticus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907 40
• 4. CONCLUTION 43
• 5. DISCUSSION 44
• 6. REFERENCE 46
• 7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 54
• 국문요약 56
• LEGEND OF PLATES 57