궁중 연향 왕실 방석(方席)에 관한 연구 = Royal Cushions During Royal Family Banquets

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the Joseon Dynasty, a banquet with sitting cushions was mainly held in the yard of the royal quarters in front of the royal palace. If a leopard sitting cushion was used in the architectural space of a banquet, it indicated the highest rank in the royal seat during the Joseon Dynasty, which continued until the Gojong period. The long leaning cushion did not appear in the banquet seats during the Jeongjo period, but was used during the Sunjo period. The dragon-patterned sitting mat was used only for the king’s seat after the Sunjo period. This was to establish the king’s political authority, subdividing the hierarchy based on the mat’s pattern. Banquets held during the Sunjo period used the dragon-patterned sitting mat for the king, the floral sitting mat for Queen Sunwon, Crown Prince Hyomyeong, and the crown princess. For the sitting cushion, Manhwa and leopard sitting cushions were placed. Eventually, the crown prince and princess’s sitting cushions were replaced with leopard sitting cushions. The king’s throne had five levels of mats and Pyeoncha had five levels. The royal throne including the crown prince consisted of five stages, and the Socha bowing seat, and Pyeoncha had three levels. The seat for alcohol offerings had two stages; the arrangement of the sitting cushions indicated the rank of the seat for alcohol offering, the lowest was the crown prince’s seat. The number of stages and mats were the highest during the Jeongjo period. A pattern of this complex stage appeared in the Sunjo period and settled down after the Heonjong period. In the King’s hierarchy, there was the most, odd number of sitting cushions, and the status was classified by the number of mats used. During a banquet, the sitting cushion was placed according to the seat status. An arrangement by type, pattern, and color was used to distinguish the hierarchy of participants. The sitting cushion established the king’s political hierarchy and more specifically stratified the level of its royal participants. Sitting cushions were used on the royal family seats and for participants in the architectural space of a banquet. It was lastly planned in the banquet architectural space division, defining the differences in position according to the status and subdividing the royal hierarchy for some increased.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

궁궐 연향에서 방석은 다양한 위차에 배설되었으며 유형과 문양, 색상 등이 구분되어 배설된 것은 참여자와 왕실을 구분하기 위한 것이다. 방석은 전하의 정치적 위계를 확립하고 왕실 참여자의 등급을 더욱 구체적으로 구분하기 위한 기능을 수행하였다. 방석은 연향의 건축공간에서 왕실과 참여자의 위차를 세분화하여 구분하였으며, 연향 왕실 공간 구획에서 마지막 위차를 규정하고 왕실 위계를 세분화하였다. 조선후기 왕권과 왕실의 정치적 질서·의례적 명분, 유교적 위계질서를 지키며 신분 체제를 견고히 하고자 상징적으로 방석을 이용하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 서인범, "조선 호피·표피의 淸朝 진헌" 역사학회 (244) : 195-244, 2019

2 석진영, "궁궐 연향 공간의 지의(地衣) 연구" 한국건축역사학회 29 (29): 79-88, 2020

3 이종서, "고려~조선전기 상류 주택의 防寒 설비와 炊事 도구" 한국역사민속학회 (24) : 41-68, 2007

4 imin-jinyeon-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

5 jeonghae-jinchan-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

6 sinchug-jinchan-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

7 musin-jinchan-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

8 imjin-jinchan-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

9 gichug-jin chan-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

10 jagyeongjeon jin jag-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

11 muja-jin jag-uigwe, "Seoul National University Kyujanggak"

12 Park, S., "Jinyeon-Uigwe" National culture promotion committee 178-189, 2005

13 Seok, J., "A Study on the Architectural Characteristics of the Banquet Space of the Late Joseon Palace" Hanyang University 2020