저궤도통신위성 군 활용방안 및 운영개념 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

I. 서 론
1. 연구 필요성 및 목적
가. 연구 필요성
1) 미래전은 5차원의 전장 영역, 즉 육.해.공군, 우주군+사이버군이 모든 정보가 실시간 동시 유통되는 초연결(Hyper-connected)된 네트워크 환경 하, AI 및 자율 무기체계와 유 . 무인 복합체계(MUM ?T)1)가 주체가 되어 다영역 작전(MDO)을 수행할 것으로 예상된다.
2) 최근 러-우크라이나 전쟁 사례를 보면 미국 스페이스-X사로부터 단말기 5,000대와 안테나/세톱박스 등을 지원받아 스타링크 위성통신망을 구축하여 드론 작전 등 전시 군 네트워크로 활용하여 혁혁한 성과를 거둔 것으로 평가 되고 있어 앞으로 우리 군의 LEO 통신위성의 활용이 검토될 필요가 있다.
3) 한편, 우리 군에서 활용중인 정지궤도 위성은 저용량, 통신지연 등의 제한사항으로 고용량, 초저지연을 요구하는 미래 전장 플랫폼의 요구를 충족하지 못하는 실정이며, 또한 현존하는 M-BcN, TICN, 마이크로웨이브 등의 기반통신체계는 기술의 진부화가 진행되고 있고 대용량을 지원에 한계가 있으며 산악지형과 악천후로 인해 안정적으로 끊김없는 통신지원을 하기에 현실적으로 제한사항이 있다.
4) 미래 지상?해상?공중?우주?사이버공간의 영역의 전투플랫폼 지원을 위한 통신의 소요는 기하학적으로 증가가 예상되므로 저궤도(LEO) 통신위성의 전체적인 운영개념이 필요하다. 또한 향후 지상·해상·공중 계층의 LEO 통신위성의 소요가 평시·전시 기준으로 얼마만큼 딜지 사전 예측하여 이에 대한 소요를 준비할 필요가 있다.
5) 마지막으로 군의 필요한 저귀도(LEO) 통신위성을 어떻게 획득할 것인가에 대한 준비가 필요하다. 작전, 기술, 비용, 정책의 관점에서 군 연구개발과 상용위성 구매(임차)의 획득 장단점 분석을 통해 획득을 준비해야 한다.

나. 연구 목적
1) 우리 군은 최근 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁에서의 저궤도 통신위성 활용 사례와 선진국인 미국의 국방부 저궤도 위성 활용 현황 분석 및 미래 전장환경의 변화에 따른 저궤도 통신위성의 필요성을 이해하고 이에 대한 전력 소요제기와 획득을 준비할 필요가 있다.
2) 따라서 저궤도 통신위성에 대한 개념 정립과 한반도 전구환경 및 기존 우리 군의 통신기반체계 운영환경을 고려한 위성통신 운영개념 정립이 우선 연구되어야 한다.
3) 미래 전투플랫폼의 기동성, 연결성, 고용량을 지원하기 위한 획기적인 통신체계로서 저궤도(LEO) 통신위성의 필요성과 역할에 대한 연구가 필요하다.
4) 마지막으로 우리 군의 입장에서 미래 저궤도(LEO) 통신위성 개략적 소요량이 얼마인지 그리고 최적의 획득방안은 무엇인지 사전연구가 필요하다

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론
• 1. 연구 필요성 및 목적 ··································································································· 1
• 가. 연구 필요성 ·············································································································· 1
• 나. 연구 목적 ·················································································································· 2
• 2. 연구 범위 ····················································································································· 3
• 3. 연구 방법 및 절차 ······································································································· 4
• 가. 연구 방법 ·················································································································· 4
• 나. 연구 수행 체계 ········································································································ 4
• 다. 연구 수행 절차 ········································································································ 5
• 4. 연구 일정 및 산출물 ··································································································· 6
• 가. 연구 일정 ·················································································································· 6
• 나. 연구 산출물 ·············································································································· 6
• II. 연구내용
• 1. 국내·외 저궤도(LEO) 위성통신 기술개발 및 활용 조사분석 ······························· 7
• 가. 국외 선진국 LEO 위성통신 기술 개발현황 분석 ············································· 7
• 나. 국내 LEO 위성통신 기술개발 현황분석 ··························································· 32
• 다. LEO 위성통신 기술 동향 종합 및 시사점 도출 ············································· 42
• 2. 미래 국방 LEO 통신 위성 필요성 및 역할 분석 ·············································· 46
• 가. 현 통신체계 현황 분석 ························································································ 46
• 나. 미래 통신위성 활용 시 고려사항 분석 ····························································· 61
• 다. 미래 국방환경을 고려한 LEO 통신위성의 필요성 및 역할 ·························· 76
• 3. 미래 국방 LEO 위성통신의 개략적 소요와 운영개념 정립 ······························· 85
• 가. 현재 軍 정보통신 기반체계 및 위성통신체계 현황 분석 ······························ 85
• 나. 미래 위성통신 소요예측 ······················································································ 93
• 다. 위성 수에 대한 한반도 관심권역 Coverage 모의실험 결과 ····················· 114
• 라. 미래 위성통신의 운영개념 ················································································ 118
• i
• 4. 미래 국방 LEO 통신위성의 획득(활용) 방안 장단점 검토 ······························ 134
• 가. 국방 LEO 통신위성 획득 기준요소 식별 ······················································· 134
• 나. 국방 LEO 통신위성 획득방안 연구 ································································ 142
• 다. 획득 방안간 장단점 비교 및 분석 ·································································· 167
• III. 결론
• 1. 연구 요약 ·················································································································· 171
• 2. 연구 기대효과 및 활용방안 ··················································································· 172
• 참고문헌 ····························································································································· 174